Jobs

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European Trade Union Confederation
Jobs in a low carbon Europe 20 21 February 2007
Margrethe Sagevik, International Union of
Railways (UIC)
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Jobs in a low carbon Europe

• Short status climate change the transport
  sector
• Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios
• Co-modality Sustainable transport systems
• Internalisation of external costs
• Railways and training

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Transport causes 25-30 of global GHG emissions
and its not yet tackled!
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• Everything available at all times
• (examples)
• Passenger services
• holidays, weekend trips
• shopping in London, Paris, NY...
• Freight services
• Fresh food
• Exotic furniture

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Short status on the transport sector
Brings enormous benefits to society, but also
many costs

• Status Transport mobility patterns -
  not developing in
  sustainable ways
• Increasing demand for passenger/freight
  transport
• Growing markets for automotive and aviation
• International aviation and shipping not
  included in Kyoto targets
• Technological improvements eaten by volume
  growth
• True costs of transport not reflected in the
  market
• Lack of cross sectoral approaches in
  development of transport policies

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EU EEA TERM REPORT 2005
Rail and energy
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Jobs in a low carbon Europe

• Short status climate change the transport
  sector
• Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios
• Co-modality Sustainable transport systems
• Internalisation of external costs
• Railways and training

8
2. Role of railways in emission reduction
scenarios
Railways what we offer to a low carbon Europe

• The railways represent the best performance in
  terms of energy efficiency and thus, carbon
  dioxide emissions.
• Rail transport based on electric traction is
  already adapted for the use of renewable energy
  sources.
• By using electricity, it is possible to
  regenerate energy during braking and reuse it.
• The railways are investing significant
  resources into energy efficiency measures. UIC is
  a leading force in this work.

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2. Role of railways in emission reduction
scenarios
Railways what we offer to a low carbon Europe
Continuously improving the energy
advantage Examples on projects 1. Rail Energy
2. Training 3. Energy Billing 4.
Eco-procurement 5. Bio fuel-study
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1. Rail Energy system approach to increase
energy efficiency

Innovative Integrated Energy Efficiency Solutions
for Railway Rolling Stock, Rail Infrastructure
and Train Operation
Overall Goals To reduce the energy consumption
related to operation of the railway system To
contribute to the reduction of life cycle costs
of railway operation To contribute to the
reduction of CO2 emission per seat km (ton km) -
within a time frame of 15 years from now (2020)
EU-project with more than 30 partners from
universities, the rail and industry sectors
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2. Training more energy efficiently driving

• Overall Goal
• Adapt the principles of the project
  EnergieSparenby German Railways
• Train the drivers to drive more energy
  efficiently

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Making energy-saving driving a part of
the train drivers everyday routine
Energy efficient driving
German railways EnergieSparen
Training European Project on
Energy efficient driving Objectives Several
European railways in joint European project to
adapt the success-story of the German Railways
which reduced energy consumption by 10 through
its project EnergieSparen
New Sept 2006
Consumption displays and driving recommendations
for switching off traction help drivers to
practise energy-saving driving.
Measured savings due to energy-saving driving
patterns. Other savings effects are not taken
into account.. Source P.RBB 3 Energy cost
management (2006)
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DBs ambitious climate protection goals
Since it launched its climate protection
programme in 2002, DB has already cut emissions
of CO2 by 5.5
1990
assuming improvements in framework policies
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3. Energy Billing incentives to drive more
energy efficiently

• Overall Goals
• 1. Establishing a common European method of
  measuring traction energy consumption.
• 2. Establishing a common European method of
  billing traction energy consumption between
  infrastructure managers and railway undertakings.

Objectives 1. Get to a fair and equal system
for paying energy costs 2. Award energy
efficiency
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4. Eco-procurement Environmental Specifications
for new Rolling Stock
UIC Leaflet Environmental Specifications for
new Rolling Stock (2006) is 1) - a new tool
for purchasing more environmentally friendly
trains 2) - offering a set of indicators to
support harmonisation of the environmental
procurement framework in the rail sector 3) -
facilitating a more efficient process of
procurement 4) enabling railways to
procure new rolling stock with a sound
environmental performance more cost effectively
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5. Biofuel exploring state of the art in Europe

• Goal
• 1. Check out biofuel as an alternative to diesel
• 2. Provide an overview of existing plans, use,
  technology and experiences with biofuel in the
  rail sector on a global scale
• 3. Decide a joint strategy for how to proceed
  with biofuel

Awaiting The sustainability criteria for
production and consumption for biofuel
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...2. Role of railways in emission reduction
scenarios
Railways what we offer to a low carbon Europe
Communicating the energy advantage Examples on
tools to support modal shift co-modality Freight
transport www.ecotransit.org web tool to
compare international freight routes Passenger
transport - national tools exist, in
preparation web tool to compare international
passenger routes
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EcoTransIT Freight Traffic in Europe
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EcoTransIT example Gdansk - Marseille
Distances
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Rail Passenger services Environmental Mobility
Check
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Jobs in a low carbon Europe

• Short status climate change the transport
  sector
• Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios
• Co- modality Sustainable transport systems
• Internalisation of external costs
• Railways and training

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3. Co-modality Sustainable transport systems

• 1. More than reducing CO2-emissions!
• 2. Railways can not make it alone!
• Develop/facilitate sustainable transport systems
  
• Cross-sectoral approach needed
• Production versus consumption
• Behaviour change/awarness campaigns
• Quality of life
• How to acheive this holistic approach?

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3. Co-modality Sustainable transport systems
Proposal Increased focus on the social
dimension Rail sector needs to develop messages
on its strong contribution to the social
dimension ex through its - safety, spatial
efficiency, congestion - air quality/health
- accessibility/comfort/stations - work
force, labour unions and training
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Simple illustration from a sustainable
development-point a view

the
environmental pillar leads way for increased
awareness
the social pillar the key to
fully include the economic pillar.
Ex. Focus on climate changes low carbon
Europe/jobs
Economics
Environment
Social
A market ready to internalise the external
costs!!!
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Jobs in a low carbon Europe

• Short status climate change the transport
  sector
• Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios
• Co-modality Sustainable transport systems
• Internalisation of external costs
• Railways and training

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4. Internalisation of external costs

• The true costs of transport to get the prices
  right!!!
• Status in Europe all agree of the need, but
  not on the method...
• Ongoing work
• EU Commission study
• 1. External costs estimates (try to find the
  best methodology)
• 2. Identify policy intruments for how to
  internalise (tolls, ETS...)
• Impact analysis

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Example
If unchecked aviation will eat full climate
cake !
If unchecked in Europe, aviation will eat all
the climate cake!!!
Source Tyndall, Growth scenarios for EU and UK
aviation, 2005
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Example
Tickets are one third cheaper than in 1991!
Source AEA Technology
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World maps illustrating size of population and
CO2-emissions per country
Inspiration..
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Jobs in a low carbon Europe

• Short status climate change the transport
  sector
• Role of railways in emission reduction scenarios
• Co-modality Sustainable transport systems
• Internalisation of external costs
• Railways and training

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5. Railways and training Investing in training
1. The changing European railway sector 2.
Looking into the future of rail training in
Europe
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5. Railways and training Investing in training
1. The changing European railway sector Many
aspects to consider for training in railways -
Legal (ex. promoting cross border
interoperability, common standards) -
Technological (ex. professional requirements for
new technology) - Demographic (ex.
competencies transfer to new generation) -
Structural (ex. access to training facilities for
new rail market actors)
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Railways and training Investing in training
2. Looking into the future of rail training in
Europe How to meet the challenges DG TREN has
commissioned  a study on the training needs and
offers in the European Railway area for the next
15 years.  UIC is hosting the European Network
of Rail Training centres - initiative from the
European Commission
to
provide support to European Rail Agency
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Conclusions

• - Transport needs more attention in the climate
  change combat low carbon Europe
• To achieve sustainable transport systems a cross
  sectoral approach is needed and increased focus
  on the value of the social dimension
• The external costs of transport need to be
  internalised
  The Polluter Pays
  Principle needs to be reflected in the transport
  market

Railways offer the best performance of energy
consumption in terms of passenger-
tonkilometre and are the solution for the Kyoto
targets and beyond
Railways strong contribution to the social
pillar of sustainability and the society needs
to be stronger communicated and valued!
This will create more jobs supporting quality
of life sustainable development !!
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Thank you for your kind attention!
sagevik_at_uic.asso.fr