CMCCC A Information Visualization

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CMC/CC AInformation Visualization

• Master IK, CIW, MMI
• L.M. Bosveld-de Smet
• Mon. 20/11/06 16.00-18.00

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Information visualizationfor the general public

• IV is moving out of research laboratories
• IV is reaching users
• Examples
• http//www.peets.com
• http//www3.cancer.gov/atlasplus
• http//www.sytadin.tm.fr

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Information Visualization Tools

• IV is still a novelty for many users
• Potential and limitations
• Reports of usability studies and controlled
  experiments
• Faster task completion
• Reduced error rates
• Measurable benefits
• Current evaluation practices

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Current evaluation practicesPlaisant (2004)

• Controlled experiments comparing design elements
• Usability evaluation of a tool
• Controlled experiments comparing two or more
  tools
• Case studies of tools in realistic settings

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Three tree visualization tools

• SpaceTree
• Hyperbolic
• Window Explorer
• http//www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/members/cplaisant/
• http//www3.sympatico.ca/blevis/thesis49prev.html

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Challenges

• Matching tools with users, tasks and real
  problems
• Improving user testing
• Addressing universal usability

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Users, tasks and real problemsControlled
experiment

• Users linguists with more or less knowledge of a
  specific domain
• Task domain linguistics, esp. syntax
• Real problems
• Are users able to identify constituents,
  dominance relations?
• Do users see that constituents are coordinated,
  are in comparable positions?
• Research question Which visualizations are
  suitable for representing 3D natural language
  phenomena?
• 2D tree visualizations
• 3D tree visualizations
• Pseudo 2D tree visualizations

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Constituent

• In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or
  a group of words that functions as a single unit
  within a hierarchical structure.
• A constituent is a string of words such that
  there is one node that dominates those words and
  no other words.
• Sam climbed up the ladder. 
• Sam picked up the ladder. 

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Coordination and movement tests

• Applying the coordination test 
• Sam climbed up the ladder and out the window.
  
• Sam picked up a ladder and out some new
  boots.
• Applying the movement test
• Up the ladder Sam climbed.
• Up a ladder Sam picked.

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Coordination

• Coordination involves the syntactic linking of
  two or more elements of equal status
• John and Mary
• up and down
• David sings and plays guitar

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Coordination and conjunction reduction

• John found the letter and Bill signed the letter.
  
• John found the letter and Bill signed the letter.
  
• I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue.
• I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue.

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Right Node Raising

• SYNTAX operation of reduction on coordinated
  clauses whose rightmost constituents are
  identical.
• EXAMPLE Right Node Raising derives the structure
  in b from the underlying structure in a by
  adjoining one copy of the identical constituents
  (the book) to the right of the sentence, and
  deleting the identical originals (indicated by
  e).
• a John saw the book and Bill bought the
  book
• b John saw ei and Bill bought ei the
  booki

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The 3D phenomena in Dutch

• Coordination
• De directeur bevordert Jansen of de Boer of de
  Vries.
• Zowel de zusjes Jansen als Joop en Klaas
  spijbelden.
• Right Node Raising
• Joop haat, Piet bewondert, en Klaas verafgoodt
  partijleider Bos.
• Ik constateer dat Jansen een boek, Vos een CD en
  de Boer een plant koopt.
• Non-constituent Right Node Raising
• Joop wil voor, maar Piet na het ontbijt douchen.
• Jansen heeft drie en de Boer heeft vier
  doelpunten gemaakt.

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The visualization types

• 2D tree
• 2D tree meaningful color
• 3D tree
• 3D tree meaningful color
• Pseudo 3D D-plane

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Syntactic analysismain clause
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Syntactic analysissubordinate clause
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Syntactic analysiscoordination

• Voor nevenschikking maken we gebruik van een
  zogenaamde coördinatorgroep (CoP). In een
  haakjesstructuurCoP XP1 Co' Co XP2
• bv. Jan en Piet. Hierin is XP1 nevengeschikt aan
  XP2.(Voor de duidelijkheid XP1 is Jan, Co is
  en, XP2 is Piet.)

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2D tree
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2D tree
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3D tree
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3D tree
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2D plane
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Visualization assignmentBeyond tree structures

• What are other possible (non tree) visualizations
  for 3D natural language phenomena?