Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies

1
Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies

• H. Scott Matthews
• March 3, 2003

2
Recap of Last Lecture

• Midterm Questions? Due Wednesday!
• 802.11b data networks
• Mainstream wireless for home/business
• Unlicensed, growing, insecure by practice
• Tend to be overlaid on wired networks
• Seem to use less elec in use than wired
• Ad-hoc/public/open wireless networks
• Becoming a reality
• Have security problems

3
Interdependencies

• A new emphasis on critical infrastructures
• PDD-63 in 1998 after Oklahoma City
• Generally worried about hackers interfering with
  operation of physical infrastructures
• Use of digital to disrupt physical suggests
  interdependency
• There are many non-hacking interdependencies
• Natural events can exploit them too
• Perhaps can be better understood and managed with
  information systems

4
Key Questions

• What tools can be used to predict?
• How can everyday operation be balanced with
  security concerns?
• What are performance measures?
• Who are stakeholders?
• How to deal with risk and uncertainty?

5
Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS)

• Collective, systemic behavior emergent
• I.e. follows patterns that result from, but not
  predictable from, nonlinear interactions with a
  large number of subsystems
• Capabilities change over time
• Greater than sum of its parts
• May be possible to model/ manage/ understand via
  agent-based systems
• Software systems where simple decision rules are
  followed and tracked via information given to them

6
Six Dimensions of Infras. Interdependencies
(Rinaldi)

• Infrastructure environment
• Coupling
• Response behavior
• Failure types
• Infrastructure characteristics
• State of Operation

7
Types of Interdependencies

• Physical - output is dependent on other
• E.g. coal by rail to power plants
• Cyber
• Banking/ATM systems use wired networks
• Logical
• Linked through financial markets (buy/sell)
• Geographical
• Co-located or nearby sites (power plant near
  steel factory)

8
Existing Interdependency Diagrams
9
Proposed Interdependency Diagrams
7.2B - 12
13.7B 22
5.2B- 8
Numbers represent 1997 dollar value of purchases
from other sectors Into Non-value-added of
electricity industry product (and of total)
10
Definition of Infrastructure Sectors

• Energy
• Communications
• Pipelines
• Other utilities (e.g. water)
• Transportation (Rail, Air, Water, Truck)

11
Make table insights
Outputs in millions 1997

• Example Federal, state, and local government
  enterprises (e.g. TVA) make 13 of total
  electricity output

12
Use Insights for CI Sectors
Outputs in millions
13
Top Sectors Dependent on CI
14
Top Sectors With Highest CI
Average across All sectors is 11