Cognitive Development and Language

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CognitiveDevelopmentand Language
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Overview

• Definition of Development
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• Implications of Piagets Theory
• Vygotskys Sociocultural Perspective
• Implications of Vygotskys Theory
• Development of Language

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Concept Map
Language Development
Development Defined
Cognitive Development and Language
Vygotskys Theory and Implications
Piagets Theory and Implications
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Types of Developmental Change

• Physical
• Personal
• Social
• Cognitive

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Principles of Development

• Rates differ
• Orderly
• Gradual

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Brain Development

• Main structures
• Specialization and integration
• Lateralization
• Storing and transferring information

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Brain Based Learning

• Sousa Video
• Handout

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Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development

• Maturation
• Activity
• Social transmission
• Equilibration
• Mnemonic MASE

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Basic Tendencies in Thinking

• Organization
• Schemes / schema
• Adaptation
• Assimilation
• Accommodation
• Resistance???
• Equilibration
• Equilibrium
• Disequilibrium

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Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development

• Sensorimotor
• Pre-operational
• Concrete operations
• Formal operations

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Sensorimotor Stage 02

• Learning through 5 senses
• Object permanence
• Goal directed actions

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Rules for Toddlers

• If I like it, its mine.
• If its in my hand, its mine.
• If I can take it from you, its mine.
• If I had it a little while ago, its mine.
• If its mine, it must never appear to be yours in
  any way.

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Rules for Toddlers, continued

• If Im doing or building something, all the
  pieces are mine.
• If it looks like mine, its mine.
• If I saw it first, its mine.
• If you are playing with something, and you put it
  down, it automatically becomes mine.
• If its broken,

its yours!
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Preoperational Stage 27

• Operations
• Semiotic function
• One-way logic
• Difficulty with centering conservation
• Egocentrism
• Language develops

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Concrete Operational StageAges 711

• Hands on thinking
• Conservation, identity, compensation
• Reversibility
• Classification
• Seriation

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Formal Operational StageAges 1115

• Not all individuals reach this stage
• Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
• Scientific reasoning
• Adolescent egocentrism imaginary audience

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Implications of Piagets Theory for Teachers

• Understanding students thinking
• Match teaching to cognitive stage
• Presentation strategies
• Illustrations and examples
• Assignments
• Use disequilibrium to motivate
• Individuals construct knowledge
• Use disequilibrium to motivate
• See Guidelines, Woolfolk pp. 35, 37, 40

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Limitations of Piaget

• Stage theory inconsistencies
• Underestimating children's abilities
• Cognitive development information processing
• Overlooks influence of cultural and social groups

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Vygotskys Sociocultural Perspective

• Knowledge is co-constructed
• Interpsychological and Intrapsychological
• Social interactions
• Role of cultural tools
• Role of language private speech
• Self-talk learning
• Role of adults and peers

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Private Speech Piaget versus Vygotsky
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Implications of Vygotskys Theory for Teachers

• Assisted learning
• Scaffolding
• Zone of proximal development
• Collaborative learning
• Alternative assessment
• See Guidelines, Woolfolk, p. 53

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Reflection Questions

• Compare Piaget with Vygotsky regarding
  implications for teaching.
• Compare disequilibrium with the zone of proximal
  development.
• Compare the role of social transmission in
  Piagets and Vygotskys theories.

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Language Development

• Reinforced behaviors or special capacity for
  language learning?
• Influences of heredity and environment

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Language DevelopmentThe School Years

• Pronunciation
• Syntax
• Vocabulary meaning
• Metalinguistic awareness

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Summary

• Definition of Development
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• Implications of Piagets Theory
• Vygotsky Sociocultural Perspective
• Implications of Vygotskys Theory
• Development of Language

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Review Questions

• What are three principles of development?
• What part of the brain is associated with higher
  mental functions?
• What is lateralization and why is it important?
• What are the main influences on cognitive
  development?
• What is a scheme?

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Review Questions

• As children move through Piagets four stages,
  what are the major changes?
• What is the problem of the match?
• What is active learning? Why is Piagets theory
  consistent with active learning?
• What are some limitations of Piagets theory?
• Explain how interpsychological development
  becomes intrapsychological development.

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Review Questions

• What are the differences between Piagets and
  Vygotskys view of private speech and its role in
  development?
• What is assisted learning? Scaffolding?
• What is a students zone of proximal development?
• How are humans predisposed to develop language?
  What role does learning play?
• Describe teacher actions and responses that
  encourage language development.

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Compare Contrast Piagets and Vygotskys
Theories.
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Short Answer

• When a child can focus on both width and length
  of two triangles in order to compare their areas,
  Piaget would say that the child is capable of
  _________________.

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Short Answer

• When a child can focus on both width and length
  of two triangles in order to compare their areas,
  Piaget would say that the child is capable of
  decentering.

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Multiple Choice

• According to Vygotsky, which of the following
  would be most influential on a childs learning?
• a. Social transmission
• b. Cognitive level
• c. Repetition of information
• d. Maturation

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Multiple Choice

• According to Vygotsky, which of the following
  would be most influential on a childs learning?
• a. Social transmission
• b. Cognitive level
• c. Repetition of information
• d. Maturation

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Mnemonics How Will You Remember...

• Piagets influences on development?
• Piagets four stages?
• The zone of proximal development?