Building Transparency and Accountability into the Subproject Cycle

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Building Transparency and Accountability into the
Subproject Cycle

• Mariana Felicio
• Improving Quality at Entry in SF/CDD Operations
• HDNSP
• April 11th, 2005

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What is corruption and what is its scale?
Where in the range does the incident fall?
School not built due to leakages
Coke bottle
Text book crisis in the Philippines
Cheating in measures of petrol and diesel in
India
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Checklist How do we begin addressing this issue?

• Who are the main actors/stakeholders?
• What are the main operations under their control?
• What discretion do they have over their actions?
• What interest do they have in subverting the
  process?
• What sanctions apply? What is the risk of being
  discovered?
• What are the accountability mechanisms in place?
• Are there any social norms attached to following
  the process or being found out?
• Do these affect how the actors/stakeholders
  perceive their interests?

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World Bank Tools

• Participatory public expenditure management
  refers to the process in which citizens are
  involved in the process of allocation, tracking
  disbursement, and monitoring the use of public
  resources.
• Participatory Budgeting process through which
  citizens and/or CSO participate directly in the
  different phases of the elaboration and
  monitoring of the execution of the public budget.
• Independent Budget Analysis research, advocacy,
  and dissemination of information on issues
  related to official budgets by civil society and
  other actors independent of government.
• Participatory Budget Tracking tracking and
  identification of resource leakages in a system.
• Participatory ME participatory evaluation tools
  (Community Scorecard CSC and Citizen Report
  Cards CRC) to determine the quality of services
  provided.

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Menu of Mechanisms Available
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Mechanisms tailored for the subproject
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Subproject preparation phase

• Risks
• elite capture in deciding priorities (vulnerable
  groups may be excluded)
• Rules of the game not communicated effectively

• Solutions
• Pro-poor mechanisms ie. training citizens about
  budgets, informing them vis-à-vis independent
  budget analysis
• Encourage participation through existing venues
• Communication campaigns targeted to all
  stakeholders, demystifying procedures, rules.

Philippines
Tanzania, Malawi
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Subproject appraisal phase

• Risks
• Communities prepare proposals thus may mark up
  the budgets
• False groups may be formed to access the credit
  of the project

• Solutions
• Capacity building of stakeholders involved
• Information campaigns (bulletins, radio, focus
  group meetings)
• Village meetings to disclose proposal information

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Subproject implementation
Korea

• Solutions
• Blacklists
• E-procurement
• Monthly meetings
• Public expenditure tracking
• Reporting on specific events
• Public budget hearings and social audits

• Risks
• Procurement of materials bought cheaper and
  difference kept
• Contractors receive bribes

Delhi, India
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Subproject monitoring evaluation

• Solutions
• Community scorecards
• Citizen report cards
• Childrens surveys
• Citizen juries
• Complaint mechanisms
• Ombudsman
• Validation of end of tranche report

• Risks
• Corruption with user fees for maintenance
• Mismanagement of funds
• Poor indicators to measure impact developed

Malawi
India
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Available Resources

• Website Resources
• Participation and Civic Engagement
• Community Empowerment and Social Inclusion WBI
• CDD and Social Capital and Social Funds
• Empowerment Community of Practice