Inductive Thinking

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Inductive Thinking
Instructional Strategies for More Effective
Teaching Activity Developed By
Claudia Fidalgo Lynnann Lovejoy
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Stage 1 Concept Formation
1) What do you see?
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Stage 1 Concept Formation
1) What do you see?
2) How many different colors do you see?
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Stage 1 Concept Formation
1) What do you see?
2) How many different colors do you see?
3) What belongs together? Group them according
to your criteria.
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Stage 1 Concept Formation
4) What would you call these groups?
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Stage 1 Concept Formation
A flag is____________________. Types of flags
are __________________. Flags require
________________________.
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Inductive Thinking
Who is Hilda Taba ?

• Curriculum theorist, curriculum reformer, and
  teacher educator.
• She contributed to the theoretical and
  pedagogical foundations of concept development
  and critical thinking in social studies
  curriculum.
• Helped to lay the foundations of education for
  diverse student populations.

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Inductive Thinking

• Taba was largely responsible for popularizing the
  term teaching strategy.
• In the social studies curriculum she designed
  the teaching of thinking to be integrated with
  the study of content.

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THINKING PROCESSES

• Thinking can be taught.
• 2) Thinking is an active transaction between the
  individual and data.

• Materials of instruction become available to the
  individual when he or she performs certain
  cognitive operations on them-organizing facts
  into conceptual systems, relating points in data
  to each other and generalizing from these
  relationships, making inferences and generalizing
  from known facts to hypothesize, predict and
  explain unfamiliar phenomena.

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THINKING PROCESSES
3) Processes of thought evolve by a sequence that
is lawful.
In order to master certain thinking skills,
certain earlier ones must be mastered first,
and the sequence cannot be reversed.
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Three Teaching Strategies
She identifies 3 inductive thinking tasks and
then developed 3 teaching strategies to induce
those tasks.
Stage 1 Concept Formation Stage 2
Interpretation of data Stage 3 Application of
principles
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Stage 1 Concept Formation

• This stage involves
• Identifying and numerating the data that are
  relevant to a topic or problem.
• 2) Grouping these items into categories.
• 3) Developing labels for the categories.

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Stage 2 Interpretation of data

• This second teaching strategy is built around
  the mental operations she refers to as
• Interpreting
• Inferring, and
• Generalizing

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Stage 2 Interpretation of data
In the first phase Teachers questions lead
students to identify critical aspects of the
data.
In the second phase Students are to
explore relationships.
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Stage 3 Application of Principles
The third cognitive task around which Taba
builds a teaching strategy is that of applying
principles to explain new phenomena.
In the first phase Requires students to
predict consequences, explain unfamiliar data, or
hypothesize. In the second phase students
attempt to explain or support the predictions or
hypotheses.
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Stage 2 Interpretation of data
Now lets continue to model.
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Stage 2 Interpretation of Data
Students will gather data/information to guide
relationship by looking in a resource to locate
the following
1. Identify the country that the flag represents
2. Population of the country 3. Income per
capita of the country 4. Literacy rate of the
country 5. Type of Government
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Stage 2 Interpretation of Data
Looking over the information gathered, what do
you notice? a) b) c)
What would you conclude? (inferences)
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Stage 2 Interpretation of Data

• Some sample conclusions
• All the democratic countries have red in their
  flag.
• All countries with a high literacy rate
• have a symbol in their flag.
• There is a clear relationship between population
  and income.

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Stage 3 Application of Principles to Explain
New Phenomena
Phase 1 Predict Consequences of
Hypothesis Based on one of your conclusions,
would it be true if we included all the
countries of the world? Phase 2 Explain or
Support the Prediction
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Bibliography
Joyce, Bruce R. Models of teaching / Bruce
Joyce, Marsha Weil with Beverly Showers. --4th
ed. 1992, Simon Schuster Inc., Needham Heights,
Massachusetts USA
Hilda Taba, 1930