Immigrant Education and Integration Trends

1
National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy

• Immigrant Education and Integration Trends
• The Annie E. Casey Foundation
• June 23, 2008
• Michael Fix Margie McHugh
• NCIIP Co-Directors

2
Demographic Change Almost Half Metro Areas with
1 Million Immigrants Are in the US
3
Demographic Impacts
Source MPIs tabulations of 2000 Census and 2006
American Community Survey.
4
More States Feel the Impact of Immigration Larges
t and Fastest Growing Immigrant States
5
One in Three Immigrants are Unauthorized
Legal permanent residents (LPRs) 28
Unauthorized migrants 30
Refugees 7
Legal temporary residents 3
Naturalized citizens 31
37 Million Foreign Born in 2005
Source Urban Institutes estimations
6
Basic Stats Children in Undocumented Families

• 4.6 million children, who constitute
• 27 percent children of immigrants
• 5 percent all kids
• Two-thirds (3 million) are US citizens
• One-third (1.6 million) are undocumented
• About 65,000 undocumented children annually
  graduate from US high schools
• But many undocumented drop out

Source Urban Institute estimations, 2003
7
Year
Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth From
1996 to 2006
United States
LEP Enrollment
Total Enrollment
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language
Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2007.
8
Year
Rate of Total and LEP Enrollment Growth From
1995 to 2005
California
LEP Enrollment
Total Enrollment
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language
Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006
9
Year
Rate of Total Pk-12 and LEP Enrollment Growth
1995 to 2005
North Carolina
LEP Enrollment
Total Enrollment
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language
Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006
10
Year
Rate of Total Pk-12 and LEP Enrollment Growth
1995 to 2005
Nevada
LEP Enrollment
Total Enrollment
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language
Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006
11
LEP Students Attend Linguistically-Segregated
Schools
Source Schools and Staffing Survey, 1999
12
More LEP Children are Native than Foreign Born,
United States
Source US Census, 2000. The figures refer to LEP
students, ages 5 to 18, currently enrolled in
school.
13
Average Scores of 8th Graders in Math by English
Proficiency NAEP, 1996-2007
8th Graders
Non-LEP
Non-LEP
Former LEP
LEP
LEP
Source US Department of Education, Institute of
Education Sciences, National Center for Education
Statistics, National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP), 2007 Math Assessments
14
Low Graduation Rates of ELLs
New York City 26 of ELLs in the 2006 class
graduated on time vs. 61 of English Proficient
Students. Massachusetts 55 of ELLs graduate
within four years vs. 80 of all students
(2006-2007). North Carolina 52 of ELLs
graduate with a regular diploma within four years
vs. 70 of all students (2006-2007).
15
LEP Children Ages 5 to 17 by Generation
Projected Growth 2000 to 2025
All LEP
2nd gen
3rd gen
1st gen
Source Jeffrey Passel, Pew Hispanic tabulations
from Census 2000 5 PUMS. Proportions of children
who are LEP computed from Census 2000 data for
each generation group. These proportions are
held constant and applied to data for () 2005
from the March Current Population Survey (CPS)
and to () projections for 2010 through 2025 done
by Passel (2006 forthcoming).
16
ELL Students in US Schools
17
ELL Students in US Schools
18
2/3 of ELL Students Are in 10 States 1/3 are in
California
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language
Instruction Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006
19
ELL Enrollment (2004-2005) Top 10 School
Districts
Percent
Number of ELLs
ELLs
United States
5,113,636
10.4
Los Angeles, CA
328,684
44.0
New York City, NY
122,840
12.0
Chicago, IL
82,540
19.0
Miami-Dade, FL
62,767
17.0
Houston, TX
61,319
29.0
Clark County, NV
53,517
20.0
Dallas, TX
51,328
32.0
San Diego, CA
38,629
28.0
Santa Ana, CA
36,807
62.1
Broward County, FL
29,909
11.0
Top 10 districts
868,340
Percentage of all ELLs
17.0
Source National Clearinghouse for English
Language Acquisition Language Instruction
Educational Programs (NCELA), 2006 Percent ELLs
in the districts total K-12 enrollment.
20
Key K-12 Issues

• Nature and Quality of English Instruction
  Services
• -alignment of ELL and mainstream curricula
• -native language instruction and testing policies
• -use of valid and reliable assessments
• -teacher recruitment/retention
• -pre-service and in-service training
• -alignment of afterschool/SES services
• -time on task
• Barriers to Parent Involvement
• -language
• -unwelcoming school environment
• -systems/knowledge gap

21
Key K-12 Issues (cont)

• Lack of targeted federal, state and local funding
  to meet immigrant/ELL needs
• -decline in federal support

22
Total Language Acquisition Grants to US States
and Territories, 2002-2007
Change 2002 to 2007 -13.1
Source US Department of Education, Funds for
State Formula-Allocated and Selected Student Aid
Programs.
23
Key K-12 Issues (cont)

• Lack of targeted federal, state and local funding
  to meet immigrant/ELL needs
• -decline in federal support
• -continuing reluctance at state and district
  levels to use Title I funds to meet ELL needs
• -few strong state or local level efforts to
  address ELL funding needs
• -difficulties in establishing accountability for
  funds even when they have been designated for
  ELLs

24
Strategies for Funders

• Advocacy
• -policy/legislation collection of longitudinal
  data state and local funding formulas expanded
  PreK and afterschool programs.
• -administrative ELL assessment and placement
  practices instructional program offerings
  alignment of ELL and mainstream curricula AND
  tests relevance and sufficiency of teacher
  training.
• -litigation e.g. CFE lawsuit in New York
• Parent Engagement
• -language access initiatives
• -language and literacy programs
• -personal and family leadership programs
• -education advocacy and organizing efforts

25
Strategies for Funders (cont)

• Research
• -policy impacts NCLB effects on high ELL schools
• -instructional programs trials to compare
  success of different instructional approaches
• -curriculum and testing state testing consortia
  data will yield treasure trove of data
• -funding learn lessons from areas of new
  investment, particularly New York

26
Find data, reports and other analysisby state
and for the nation at
For More Information
www.migrationpolicy.org
2006 ACS data and new databases coming online
soon! Michael Fix and Margie McHugh mfix_at_migratio
npolicy.org mmchugh_at_migrationpolicy.org