DoE DER Aggregation Communication and Control

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• DoE DER Aggregation Communication and Control

EDD
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DE-SC02-03CH11139
The United States Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
(EERE), Distributed Energy and Electric
Reliability (DEER) Program, invites applications
for federal assistance for research, development
and demonstration for communication and control
solutions to enable interoperable and integrated
operation of large numbers of distributed energy
resources (DER) from varying suppliers to achieve
optimization in power quality, power reliability,
and economic performance.
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DoE Phase I II
Phase I
Phase II
DTE Energy Only Utility Lead Team
DTE Energy Only Utility Lead Team
Connected Energy
44 Applicants
Areva
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DTEs View of Project Mission (Expand the
benefits of DER already installed)

• Customer
• Manage demand energy consumption
• Standby
• Lower rates
• Utility - Wires Company
• Customer retention
• Manage loading
• On peak
• Shutdowns
• Emergency
• Utility - Generation Company
• Energy
• Capacity

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DTE Background
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Detroit Edison Service Area
Service Area 7,600 Sq. Miles Customers 2.1
million System Peak Load 12,132 MW Annual Sales
56,000 GWH 37 Commercial 29 Residential 29
Industrial 5 Wholesale Interconnection
Distributed Generation 1,427 MW or 12 of Peak
Load (Does not include lt 100kW
units) Interruptible Load 750 MW
Distribution Substations 662 Distribution
Circuits 2,808 1,876 _at_ 4.8kV 932 _at_
13.2kV Distribution Circuit Miles 38,939 20,184
_at_ 4.8kV 18,755 _at_ 13.2kV Subtransmission
2,664 _at_ 24 kV 797 _at_ 41.6kV
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Distributed Generation atDTE Energy
Technology Testing
Southfield Solar Future H Power Park
Substation Battery Replacement Project
ZBB Flow Battery
Substation Applications Temporary Maintenance
Adair ENI1000 1MW NG
Union Lk ENR2000 2MW Diesel
Substation Islanding ENR2000 2MW Diesel
Distribution Solutions
Circuit Applications Emergency Temporary
Emergency ENR2000 2MW Diesel
Grosse Ile High School ENI1000 1MW NG
Assumption Church ENI1000 1MW NG
Premium Power Customer Partnership Applications
Dialysis Center ENI 150
Service Center ENI 150 75
Wayne State Univ ENI 75
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Premium Power
Glendale DC 561 150 kW Redford SC Zachary DC
9400 375 kW WWSC Tinken DC 8850 300 kW
Botsford Dialysis Indian DC 1423 150 kW
Beaumont Dialysis Midtown DC 8317 225 kW
Wayne State Angola DC 8877 300 kW Lawrence
Tech Medina DC 8533 600 kW Adell
Communication Sheldon DC 9508 750 kW Artic
Cold Storage 2,850 kW installed and 9 MVA on
the books more coming
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DTE ProjectOverview
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Elements of Phase I

• Various DERs
• Battery, Nat gas, diesel, Solar,
• Cummins, Energy/now, Seimens, ZBB
• Various communication
• Communications protocols Lonworks, modbus
• Communication paths satellite, phone, radio,
  cable modem
• DERs were started and stopped within 10 minutes
  via the internet

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(No Transcript)
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DoE Phase I DERs Communication and Control
DOE Phase I Project
Sites Local Control Communication Location DR
Equipment Manufacturer Fuel Protocol Media Adair
ENI 1000 Deutz Nat. Gas Modbus Broadband
Satellite Redford ENI 150 DTECH GM 9.1LIC Nat.
Gas Modbus Broadband Cable Western 2 X ENI
150, DTECH GM 9.1LIC Nat. Gas Modbus Broadband
Satellite Wayne 1 X ENI 75 DTECH Farmington ENI
75 DTECH GM 9.1LIC Nat. Gas Modbus Ethernet Hills
Southfield Siemens Siemens Solar Modbus Phone
Line Solar Cell Lum ZBB/SANDI ZBB Flow
Battery Modbus Phone Line Flow Battery Union
Lake ENR 2000 Cummins Diesel LonWorks Cable modem
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DoE Phase I DERs
Circuit Peak TOTAL Location Circuit City D
ER kW LOAD CUST Adair 322 Columbus
Twp 1,000 2,200 594 STDF4 2628 Lum 200 1,000 291 U
nion Lake 1688 Waterford 2,000 7,300 1,587 SOFLD 9
010 Farmington Hills 26 4,700 656 GLEND PL
561 Redford 75 1,900 37 ZACRY 9400 Belleville 375
11,200 152 SNSET 9016 Farmington
Hills 75 10,000 215 Totals 3,751 38,300 3,532
This DER total (all sellback) represents 9.8 of
the total circuit peak loads.
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DTech SOC
DECo Distribution System
Modbus, Lonworks or Other Protocols
DER
Internet
Gateways
DTech
and
Connection
Application
UPC/SC
DER
Servers
Internet
DECo
SSL
Circuit
RTUs
Operating Agent
DECo ROC
DECo
RTG
Distribution Operating Authority
PI Ckt Data
Intranet
Identifies DTech
Identifies DECo
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Phase I Completed

• Installed and tested a PI to PI Link between
  Detroit Edison (DECo) Systems Operation Center
  (SOC) and Detroit Edison Regional Operations
  Center (DECo ROC) making SCADA data available for
  both monitoring and control. 
• Installed and tested an ICCP link between DECo,
  the utility, and DTE Energy Technologies (DTECH),
  the aggregator, making DER data available to the
  utility for both monitoring and control.
• Installed and tested PI process book with circuit
  DER operational models for DECo ROC operators
  use for monitoring of both utility circuit
  customer DER parameters. The PI Process Book
  models also included DER control for the DECo ROC
  operators, which was tested and demonstrated
  control, for each of the seven DERs chosen for
  Phase I.
• Tagging and operating procedures were developed
  and refined during the control demonstration,
  which allowed that control to be done in a safe
  manor.
• The Distribution Engineering Workstation (DEW)
  was modified for real-time calculations, allowing
  both planning and real-time modeling of both the
  utility circuit as well as the DER within that
  circuit.
• Developed and tested a DER analysis program that
  will make DER operational suggestions both in a
  planning and real-time modes.

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Hierarchical Control
Level 3 Economic Dispatch of
Aggregated Units
Units available for economic dispatch
Level 2 Utility Concerns Constraints
Units available from a customer perspective
Level 1 Local Control
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DEW Modeling
Constraints Hours DG not available Total run
hours not to exceed e.g. diesel air permit limits
Real-time measurements Primarily circuit head
measurements with some SCADA internal to circuit
Set points
Control
Load Scale
Power Flow
Historical measurements Customer meter info and
sales
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DG Control of Voltages and Currents

• No direct measurement of problems
• Use model to predict problems
• Use model to calculate generation levels needed
  to eliminate predicted problems
• Low voltages
• Equipment overloads
• Phase II - Forecast up to a day ahead by
  utilizing Temperature sensitive load research
  statistics

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DTech SOC
DECo Distribution System
Modbus, Lonworks or Other Protocols
DER
Internet
Gateways
DTech
and
Connection
Application
UPC/SC
DER
Servers
Internet
DECo
SSL
Circuit
RTUs
Operating Agent
DECo ROC
DECo
RTG
Distribution Operating Authority
PI Ckt Data
Intranet
Identifies DTech
Identifies DECo
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Phase II Underway

• SSL Integrated with ICCP (More secure than VPN)
• Capacity and Automatic DEW Control
• Additional Equipment in Several Service
  Territories
• Generation Bidding and Pricing with Multiple ISOs
• E-Tagging
• Comprehensive Economic Dispatch
• Exchange of Data with ISOs

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DEW - Phase II To begin now

• Develop Forecast Load Program based on weather
  dependent Load Research Statistics
• Modify DEWs Reconfiguration for Restoration
  Program to make use of DERs in power restoration
  operations
• Create a new DEW Contingency Analysis Program
  that may be used to evaluate DER Spinning Reserve
  needed for a distribution system containing
  Aggregated DERs
• DEW Load Shedding function to be added to
  Reconfiguration Application
• Modify DEWs DG Control Application to interface
  to Economic Dispatch of Aggregated Units
• Evaluation of System Reliability improvements
  with DERs being used with Reconfiguration for
  Restoration

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DER Control Features

• Control performed 24 X 7
• Complete control calculation, including power
  flow, requires 1-2 seconds per circuit
• Calculates just right level of generation
• Takes into account constraints
• DER generation turns on just enough to eliminate
  overload or low voltage
• Phase II will go beyond operator recommendations,
  it will turn on and adjust output automatically
• Phase II will project all for hour ahead, peak of
  the day, and day ahead for capacity and energy
  planning

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Methods of Operation

• Automatic or Scheduled operation
• DER turns on and off automatically dependant on
  circuit load provided by ACM data via Dtech SOC
  to DER PLC.
• Operation with out transfer trip requires
  maintaining 4 to 1 ratio of total circuit load to
  generator output.
• Loss of DC to Relays will cause shutdown of DG
• Remote operation (Removed from scheduled mode)
• Regional System Supervisor (RSS) Detroit Edison
  orders Dtech to operate using remote control
• RSS uses ICCP established in DOE Project to push
  the buttons himself
• Manual
• DER at Substation (substation lock) - Substation
  operators
• DER internal to distribution circuit (Core 50
  lock) - Primary
• Emergency Stop
• RSS has emergency stop capability but this is a
  hard stop to be used only if necessary. Better
  use ICCP or order Dtech to stop using remote
  control which allows softer stop (unloading and
  normal cool down)

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DOE Phase IPI Process Book
DEW Recommendations based real time circuit
calculations and the use of DER to resolve
Overloads and/or Low Voltages
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DOE Phase IPI Process Book
DEW Real time Recommendation
By following the agreed to procedure DTech
SOC Can give control to the Detroit Edison SOC
via ICCP gateway
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Phase II DERs

• Use Phase I DER units
• Add 15 additional DER units attached to the DECo
  distribution network
• Locations that include all of DTE owned DERs
• Customer owned are to be used
• Total DERs over 20 MVA
• Interruptible load will be used also
• Other utilities have indicated interest in
  participating

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Phase II DERs (Phase I Phase II)
Type No. Units kW Nat. Gas 16 4,575 Biogas 1 6,600
Diesel 6 8,350 Hydrogen/Nat. Gas Various 1,036 Lo
ad Reduction Substation 600 Micro
turbine 3 460 Fuel Cell 2 10 Solar 2 26 Battery 1
200 TOTAL 21,457
Dialysis Centers, Church, High School, Colleges,
Water Board, Automotive Supplier, Utilities
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Summary of DEW Development

• Drag and Drop DER parts have been added
• Real-time DEW
• DEW reads and writes to PI
• A DG Control Application
• Weather dependent Load Research Statistics
• Load shedding function added to Reconfiguration
• Create Contingency Analysis Program
• Modified Reconfiguration for Restoration DG
  Control
• Application interfaced to Economic Dispatch

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Summary of DER Benefits

• Customer
• Manage demand
• Standby
• Lower rates
• Utility - Wires Company
• Customer retention
• Manage loading
• On peak
• Shutdowns
• Emergency
• Utility - Generation Company
• Energy
• Capacity

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Questions