Adaptive Hypermedia: What is it and why are we doing it?

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Adaptive HypermediaWhat is it and why are we
doing it?

• Dr. Alexandra Cristea
• a.i.cristea_at_warwick.ac.uk
• http//www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/acristea/

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1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and
Future

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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presentation m.
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What is Adaptive Hypermedia?
is more than the Web!!

• Hypermedia
• different media types used in a single
  application (text, images, sound, video, )
• non-linear structure with navigation through
  hyper-links
• Adaptive
• application forms a model of the context in which
  it is used (user, place, time, device, etc.)
• application adapts to that context (can show
  different information, different media, different
  links, etc.)
• adaptation and user/ presentation modeling
  interact with each other (or else we say the
  application is adaptable, not adaptive)

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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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The need for personalization
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Why AH?

• Problems with hypermedia applications
• information overload no time or interest to
  process all
• excessive navigational freedom lost in
  hyperspace which links are relevant (for this
  user) ?
• comprehension order (a.o.) may be relevant what
  has the user seen before when reaching a certain
  node?
• presentation what fits the users screen? how
  much network bandwidth and processing power is
  available?

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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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Application areas AH

• Areas
• Education
• Commerce
• Government
• others
• Adaptation types
• Adaptive Help
• Adaptive Search
• Expert systems AI
• others

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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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What can be adapted? classical views

• Adaptive presentation
• change which information is shown
• change how that information is shown
• Adaptive navigation support
• change which links are shown
• change how these links are shown
• change the link destinations

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Adaptive Presentation
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Adaptive Navigation Support
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Example from 2L690

• Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows
• In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext
  system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown
  University, from 1965 on) there was only one
  protocol, so that part could be missing.
• After reading about Xanadu this becomes
• In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that
  part could be missing.

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ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation
The wrong example
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Example from Interbook
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v
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1. Concept role 2. Current concept state
3. Current section state 4. Linked sections state
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TV Scout Whats on Tonight?
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TV Scout Forms and Graphical Interface
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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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Adapt to what?

• User ? user model (UM)
• Goals ? goal model (GM)
• Domain ? domain model (DM)
• Environment ? presentation model (PM)

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User modelling is always about guessing
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Classical User Model Overlay UM

• users knowledge subset of experts knowledge
• goal of tutoring to enlarge this subset.
• This model is particularly appropriate when the
  (teaching) material can be represented as a
  prerequisite hierarchy.

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(No Transcript)
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Adapt to what (else)?

• Knowledge about the subject domain (and possibly
  also knowledge about the system)
• Preferences
• Interests
• Learning or cognitive styles
• Background profession, language, prospect,
  capabilities, experience, age
• Navigation history

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Adapt to what?

• User ? user model (UM)
• Goals ? goal model (GM)
• Domain ? domain model (DM)
• Environment ? presentation model (PM)

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Adapt to what?

• Goal
• (initial) purpose of the hypermedia
• answer to question
• Why should the user use the hypermedia system
  and what could the user actually achieve?
• Goals can be local or global.
• Local goals may changed quite often. For example,
  the problem-solving goal is a local one, which
  changes from one educational problem to another
  several times within a session.
• Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial
  goal.

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Adapt to what?

• User ? user model (UM)
• Goals ? goal model (GM)
• Domain ? domain model (DM)
• Environment ? presentation model (PM)

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Adapt to what?
Domain model properties
Adapt to
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Adapt to what?

• User ? user model (UM)
• Goals ? goal model (GM)
• Domain ? domain model (DM)
• Environment ? presentation model (PM)

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Adapt to what?

• Context / environment
• aspects of the users environment, like browsing
  device, window size, network bandwidth,
  processing power, quality of service, etc.

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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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Classic loop (Brusilovsky, 01)
/ Presentation Model
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Adaptive vs. adaptable
personalized
adaptive
adaptable
System-tuned
User-tuned
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Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI2000
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A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable
Systems
Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI2000
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Index

• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• Obstacles AH
• New solutions

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New, dynamic view of AH
text
Bits pieces
link

• Generation
• only text
• only link
• text link

text
link
text
link
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Solutions in short

• Standardization
• Authoring
• Openness

New theoretical frameworks needed!
New implementations!
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Demo

• http//www.win.tue.nl/acristea/Prolearn/

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Concluding

• Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present Future
• Definitions
• Why AH?
• Application areas
• What to adapt?
• Adapt to what?
• How to adapt - past?
• (some) New solutions

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New IAS projects on this

• ALS Minerva project
• Prolearn

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ALS project in shortissimo

• Adaptive Learning Spaces
• Main aim how to bring adaptivity at group level?
• What changes?
• Group of learners
• Group of authors
• 8 institutes
• representing 7 countries
• 2 years started on the 1st of October 2006

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Prolearn project in shortissimo

• NoE they bring birds of a feather together
• Warwick as new core partner from 1st January 2007
• http//www.prolearn-project.org/
• 21 core partners now
• Hundreds of associate partners (Warwick included)

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• Any questions?