CPR

1
Chapter 5

• CPR

2
Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest

• A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue
  dies.
• Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

3
Chain of Survival

• Early access
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced care

4
Performing CPR

• Check for responsiveness.
• Open the airway and check for breathing.
• Rescue breaths
• Chest compressions

5
Check for Responsiveness

• Tap the victims shoulder and ask if he or she is
  all right.
• If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander
  call 9-1-1.
• If you are alone with an unresponsive child or
  infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five cycles),
  then call 9-1-1.

6
Open the Airway and Check for Breathing

• Open airway with head tiltchin lift.
• Check breathing Look, listen, and feel for 510
  seconds.

7
Rescue Breaths

• Keep airway open.
• Give two normal breaths.
• Methods
• Mouth-to-barrier
• Mouth-to-nose
• Mouth-to-stoma

8
Chest Compressions (1 of 2)

• Two hands for adults
• One or two hands for children
• Two fingers for an infant
• Compression depth
• Adult 1.5 to 2 inches
• Child or infant 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

9
Chest Compressions (2 of 2)

• Adult and child center of chest between nipples
• Infants just below nipple line
• Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
• Continue CPR until
• AED becomes available
• Victim shows signs of life
• EMS takes over
• You are too tired to continue

10
Adult CPR (1 of 4)

• Check responsiveness.
• Have someone call 9-1-1 and retrieve an AED if
  available.

11
Adult CPR (2 of 4)

• Open the airway using the head tilt-chin lift
  method.
• Check for breathing.

12
Adult CPR (3 of 4)

• Give 2 rescue breaths.

13
Adult CPR (4 of 4)

• Perform CPR.
• Continue cycles of chest compressions and
  breaths.

14
Child CPR (1 of 3)

• Check responsiveness.
• Have someone call 9-1-1.
• Open the airway.
• Check for breathing.

15
Child CPR (2 of 3)

• Give 2 rescue breaths.

16
Child CPR (3 of 3)

• Perform CPR.
• Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths.

17
Infant CPR (1 of 4)

• Check responsiveness.
• Have someone call 9-1-1.

18
Infant CPR (2 of 4)

• Open the airway by tilting the head back slightly
  and lifting the chin.
• Check for breathing for 5 to 10 seconds.

19
Infant CPR (3 of 4)

• Give 2 rescue breaths (1 second each).

20
Infant CPR (4 of 4)

• Perform CPR.
• Continue cycles of chest compressions and breaths
  for 2 minutes.

21
Airway Obstruction

• Partial air exchange
• Mild coughing forcefully
• Severe weak, ineffective cough
• Complete blockage unable to breath, speak, or
  cough
• Common causes of obstruction
• Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

22
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child
(1 of 4)

• Check the victim for choking.

23
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child
(2 of 4)

• Locate the navel.

24
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child
(3 of 4)

• Place thumb side of fist just above the navel.

25
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Adult or Child
(4 of 4)

• Place other hand on top of first hand and give
  abdominal thrusts until object is removed.

26
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (1 of 2)

• Have someone call 9-1-1.
• Give five back blows between the infants
  shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

27
Airway Obstruction in a Responsive Infant (2 of 2)

• Give five chest thrusts on the infants sternum
  in the same location used in CPR.
• Repeat until object is removed. If infant becomes
  unresponsive, begin CPR.