Chapter 6: CRITERIA

1
Chapter 6 CRITERIA

• Work design requires tradeoff of multiple
  criteria.
• These are vague and no explicit tradeoff
  equations are available.

2
CRITERIA

• Organizations
• Goals
• Limits
• Employees
• Physiological
• Maslows hierarchy
• Work Design Criteria

3
ORGANIZATIONS

• Goals
• Organization goals include survival and growth.
• Survival is the first rule of any organization.
• Organizations have to breakeven and in most cases
  much more, otherwise its almost impossible to
  exist
• Profits / gt Costs
• Make or Buy Decisions

4
ORGANIZATIONS
The second rule is Growth Social organisms such
as auto manufacturer, universities, hospitals and
governments are composed of replaceable parts
and attempt to grow and keep growing. Generally
in business, Net Income, ROI, Share market etc
are the main criterion to follow a companys
growth
5
ORGANIZATIONS
Limits There are often limits imposed by society
but also sometimes by public opinion or religious
and moral values. Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) See Box 6.1 Public influences change
decisions through laws concerning issues like
pollution and safety (EPA and OSHA)
6
EMPLOYEES
The organizational goals are affected by the
goals of the employees .
7
EMPLOYEES
Self Actualization
Maslows Hierarchy
Personal fulfillment Max. Self confidence
Ego
Reputation Power Recognition
Social
Job Status Group relations
Safety
Job security Seniority rights
Physiological
Food, shelter,rest
8
Physiological Needs
Employees naturally want to work with the least
stress The first and foremost thing to see is
whether the salary is going to pay you enough for
food, shelter and little recreation.
9
Safety Needs

• Job Security
• Peace of Mind
• Supervisory Practices (equal opportunity
  employer)
• Seniority Rights

10
Social Wants

• Job Status
• Enjoyment of work
• Social interactions
• Group relations
• Knowledge of group goals

11
Ego Wants

• Reputation
• Challenge(Job Enlargement--horizontal)
• Recognition(Job Enrichment-vertical)
• Competence
• Responsibility

12
Self Actualization

• Personal fulfillment
• Realization of potential
• Liberalization of creativity
• Maximum self confidence
• Also, a happy worker is not always a productive
  one

13
WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
There are eight foundations to job
design Foundation 1 People vary
(height, strength) Foundation
2 People are more educated (encourage
participation) Foundation 3 People want a
say (Democracy and brainstorming) Founda
tion 4 The world is becoming smaller
(faster communication, faster transportation)
14
WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
Foundation 5 Machines are becoming more
capable (Mundane jobscost benefit
analysis) Foundation 6 Safety and health are
more important (Man hours with no
accident) Foundation 7 Job specialization is
increasing More cognitive..
Engineers..) Foundation 8 Jobs are more
interrelated
15
WORK DESIGN CRITERIA
These foundations gave rise to six criteria of
Job Design
Criteria 1 Safety is first Criteria 2 Make the
machine user-friendly Criteria 3 Reduce the
percent excluded by the design (m/c can
be used by any gender, strength) Criteria 4
Design jobs to be cognitive and social
(job enrichment, enlargement) Criteria 5
Emphasize communication Criteria 6 Use machines
to extend human performance