Unit 2 Contour Mapping

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Unit 2 Contour Mapping
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• What kind of maps do you know?
• Road map, weather map, trail map, subway map,
  political map, topographic map, building maps

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• What words are associated with maps?
• Latitude, Longitude, Key/Legend, Grid, Mileage
  scale

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• What is the biggest problem in making a map of
  the world on a piece of paper?
• Earth is round paper is not

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• Who makes maps?
• Cartographers

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Mapping Information

• North is usually at the top of the map
• Location descriptions
• Relative NJ is east of PA
• Absolute grid coordinates latitude/longitude

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• Equator imaginary line that circles the Earth
  in between North and South poles runs East to
  West
• Prime Meridian imaginary line through the old
  Royal Astronomical Observatory in Greenwich,
  England runs North to South

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• Latitude distance in degrees North or South of
  the Equator also known as parallels
• Longitude distance in degrees East or West of
  the Prime Meridian also known as meridians

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• Time Zones are determined by the meridians or
  longitude lines on a map
• Every 15 from the prime meridian in Greenwich,
  England 24 time zones
• If you travel West of England, you subtract an
  hour traveling East, you add an hour

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Time zones
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Map Projections

• Map projection is made when points and lines on a
  globes surface are transferred onto paper
• Different projections create different
  distortions depending on purpose

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Mercator Projection

• Straight longitude and latitude lines that
  intersect at right angles.
• Scale is true at the equator or at two standard
  latitude lines of equal distances from the
  equator.
• Areas near poles are distorted.

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Robinson Projection

• Latitude lines are parallel, but longitude lines
  curve into poles.
• Some distortion of area, shape
• Used to show visually appealing pictures of the
  whole world

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Conic Projection

• Lines of latitude and longitude intersect at
  right angles
• Meridians are straight and parallels are arcs
• Accurate for small areas road maps, weather maps

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Mileage Scale

• Map scale is the relationship between the
  distances on the map and actual distances on
  Earths surface.
• Bar scale -
• Verbal scale one inch 100 miles
• Ratio scale 1100

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• "On this map there's a bar scale! All you have to
  do is take a piece of paper, mark off miles from
  the bar scale onto the edge of the paper, and
  then hold the edge of the paper so that it lies
  along Bo Ring Way

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• One inch four miles. First, place a ruler
  marked in inches on the map and measure how many
  inches separate the two towns on the map! The two
  towns are about 2.5 inches apart!
• 2.5 inches times 4 miles per inch 10 miles
  apart on the ground!"

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• "That's more difficult because the road is
  curved! You need some way to estimate distance
  along the curves of Dingle Way from Louberg to
  Luluville. you can use a piece of string! Take
  the string and lay it out along the route. Then,
  straighten the string out and hold it against the
  bar scale or a ruler!

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Driving Distances
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Topographic maps

• Topo means shape
• Topographic maps show the shape and height of the
  land on a flat piece of paper
• Elevation is the distance of a location above or
  below sea level

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• Contour lines connect points on the map that have
  the same elevation
• Index contours are contour lines with elevation
  numbers

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High Point High School
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Contour Mapping Rules

• 1. Hills and depressions are represented by
  circles. Hachure Lines are used to show
  depressions.
• Hill Depression

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Contour Mapping Rules

• 2. Contour lines never cross.

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Contour Mapping Rules

• 3. When contour lines meet a river or a stream
  they form a V the points upstream.

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Map Symbols
Highway
Trail
Bridge
Railroad
Buildings
School, Church
Benchmark
Stream
Marsh
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Mapping Quiz Topics

• Equator and Prime Meridian
• Latitude vs Longitude
• Three map projections
• What is a topographic map?
• Topographic Terms
• Topographic Rules (3)
• Map symbols

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Mapping Activity 2
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Mapping Activity 2
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Mapping Activity 3
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Mapping Activity 3
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The Average Slope

• Slope the amount of deviation from the
  horizontal
• Ex hillside skiing

Bunny hill
Intermediate
Professional
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In math class, you learn slope as

• Slope rise
• run
• Slope y2 y1
• x2 x1

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• Slope y2 y1
• x2 x1
• 3 0
• 6 0
• 0.5

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Websites

• http//nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_latlon
  g.html
• http//plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/
• http//www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lesso
  ns/01/g68/mapmaking.html
• http//members.shaw.ca/hollylloyd/theme/mappingski
  lls.htm
• http//interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/
  exploremaps.htm
• http//www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/map
  proj/mapproj_f.html

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Topographic websites

• http//www.compassdude.com/topographic-maps.shtml
• http//members.aol.com/bowermanb/maps.htmltopo
• http//www.topozone.com/states/NewJersey.asp