Cell Organelles

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Cell Organelles

• Mr. Singh
• Tuesday, December 9

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Organelle

• Any structure within a cell that carries out a
  specific job
• Examples of items that are NOT organelles water,
  food, sugar, genetic material, proteins

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Cell Membrane

• In PLANT (second layer) and ANIMAL (outer layer)
• A flexible layer that surrounds the cytoplasm and
  controls what enters and leaves a cell
• Selectively permeable choosy about what it
  allows through

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Selectively Permeable

• Choosy or picky about what is allowed through
• Cell membrane is selectively permeable (allows
  SOME things through)
• Nuclear membrane is HIGHLY selectively permeable
  (allows almost NOTHING through)

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Cytoplasm

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• A jelly-like material that fills area between
  cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• Surround other organelles to cushion them
• Supports the cell

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Ribosome

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Puts proteins together using the plans in genetic
  material
• Connects small pieces to build the large protein
  structures the cell needs

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• A series of tunnels and passages through the
  cytoplasm
• Since the cytoplasm is thick, the endoplasmic
  reticulum allows protein, and other materials, to
  move around the cell easier

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Golgi Body

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Sends proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to
  where they are needed in the cell
• Gets rid of protein waste
• Packages and sends material around or out of cell

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Mitochondria

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Breaks glucose down into energy the cell can use
  to do things
• The more mitochondria in a cell, the more sugar
  the cell can turn into energy

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Vacuole

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Acts as storage sac for the cell (holds mainly
  water)
• The vacuole is much larger in plant cells than
  animal cells
• Large vacuoles keep plant cells firm and
  supported
• Plant cells need more water to carry out
  photosynthesis

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Nuclear Membrane

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• The HIGHLY selectively permeable membrane that
  surround the nucleus
• Allows almost nothing through (keeps genetic
  material safe)

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Nucleus

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Contains genetic material

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Genetic Material

• Contains the codes, or plans, for making a new
  copy of the cell and for proteins the cell needs

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Nucleolus

• In PLANT and ANIMAL cells
• Area within the nucleus that builds ribosomes

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Lysosome

• ANIMAL CELLS
• Contains special proteins, called enzymes, that
  can break down complex material into simple pieces

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Cell Wall

• PLANT CELLS
• A strong, stiff layer on the outside of a plant
  cell
• The layer provides shape and support for the
  plant cell does not bend!

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Chloroplast

• PLANT CELLS
• Contains the green chemical chlorophyll (makes
  plants green) that carries out photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis chlorophyll take in carbon
  dioxide and water and releases glucose (for the
  cell to use) and oxygen (as waste)