Small Hydropower

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Small Hydropower

• Hydropower provides 17 of the worlds
  electricity, and can blend in with its
  surroundings and have minimal negative impacts
• Economic growth and an increase in energy needs
  will progress hydropower. Asia is to become
  hydro leader, and Africa has huge potential with
  only 5 of its potential being used

Hydropower in Central Europe
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Key Advantages for Small Hydropower

• Reduction of CO2
• Proven and reliable technology
• Reduces the dependency on imported fuels
• Reduced land requirements
• Local and regional development
• Tech suitable for rural electrification in
  developing countries
• High energy payback ratio
• (www.erec-renewables.org)

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Wind Power

• Global wind power industry employs 120,000 people
• EWEA projects that by 2020, the world will save
  an annual 215 million tones of carbon dioxide by
  the use of wind turbines
• GWEC states that 12 of the worlds electricity
  can be supplied by wind in 2020, if policy is
  pursued and if technical and economic limitations
  are minimized
• INVESTMENT is needed!

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Key Advantages for Wind Power

• Enough electricity to satisfy 12 of global
  demand
• Creation of over 2 million jobs
• Annual investment value of more than 80 billion
  euros
• Annual saving of 1800 million tones of carbon
  dioxide
• (www.erec-renewables.org)

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Solar Power The Healthy Alternative

• Solar technologies use the sun's energy and light
  to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity,
  and even cooling, for homes, businesses, and
  other industries.
• They are considered one of the cleanest and
  safest type of Energy on the market.
• The world's largest solar power plant is located
  in the Mojave Desert. Solel, an Israeli company,
  operates the plant, which consists of (4 km²) of
  solar reflectors. This plant produces 90 of the
  world's commercially produced solar power.
• Relationship between Nuclear and Solar, the
  solar reflector-based SEGS in California produces
  350 MW and the largest nuclear power plants
  generate more than 1,000 MW.
• Many placees on Earth have potential to use Solar
  Power (examples from Africa, U.S., Australia,
  and Europe.

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Types of Solar Power

• Photovoltaics (PV)Photovoltaic solar cells,
  which directly convert sunlight into electricity,
  are made of semiconducting materials.
• Passive Solar Heating, Cooling and
  DaylightingBuildings designed for passive solar
  and daylighting incorporate design features such
  as large south-facing windows and building
  materials that absorb and slowly release the
  sun's heat.
• Concentrating Solar PowerConcentrating solar
  power technologies use reflective materials such
  as mirrors to concentrate the sun's energy. This
  concentrated heat energy is then converted into
  electricity.
• Solar Hot Water and Space Heating and
  CoolingSolar hot water heaters use the sun to
  heat either water or a heat-transfer fluid in
  collectors. High-temperature solar water heaters
  can provide energy-efficient hot water and hot
  water heat for large commercial and industrial
  facilities.

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Pros of Nuclear Power

• Because heat is produced through fission, not
  oxidation no emission of CO2
• Nuclear power also produces no notable sulfur
  oxides, nitrogen oxides, or particulates
• Does not require a lot of land

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Cons

• Possibility of meltdown, all though plants are
  much safer today and meltdown is extremely
  unlikely
• Releases water vapor into the air
• Must deal with radioactive waste
• More costly, possibly drains money from
  researching other cheaper waste to burn fossil
  fuels more efficiently
• Only creates electricity, which can not be used
  for all energy needs

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Endless possibilities

• Proven effective
• Only one major incident after decades of use
• Small amount of deaths compared to 5,000 yearly
  deaths from coal mining
• Average plant can power a major city alone

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Coal 24 all global energy 40
global electricity Significant just one
source Kw/Kw 2 xs asmuch Co2 Emissions as
natural gas Coal 37 Worlds fossil Fuel
related emissions From C02 Oil 42 (mostly
from Transportation sector) World Coal Institute
states 164 yrs worth of coal in ground compared
to 41 yrs of oil
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Why We Cant Wait
Princeton University Analysis (group Carbon
Mitigation Initiative) 7 billion tons of C02
emissions/year 3 times 1950 levels Without
mitigation, could double by 2055
unacceptable This could mean tripled
pre-industrial C02 levels (not seen for 3
millions years) Sea levels were 15-30 meters
higher then Integrated gasification combined
cycle (IGCC) hope for mitigating GHG emissions
Princeton Group Demonstrates its possible,
using todays technology, to develop
strategies that could save 1 billion tons of C02
/ year Including Robert Socolow, professor of
mechanical engineering and coordinator of
Carbon Mitigation and Initiative, These arent
pipe dreams. These are here today and could Be
deployed at scale. Lack of policy/incentives
impeding development (businesses wont
change unless forced to) Developed companies
should make 1st steps, followed by developing
nations
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Critical Need for Appropriate Policy
Howard Herzgog, Chimical engineer at MIT,
manages an industrial consortium called Carbon
Sequestration Initiative, talking about IGCC
technology I dont necessarily think that
technology is the limiting step. Whats not
there is the economic incentive, of course. You
are not going to do this without some policy
changes, but technology-wise, I think we can do
this quickly. But Technology is not
enough people think that you can do this
without the policy, and thats a myth.
without public policy that imposes a cost on
carbon emissions, its always going to be cheaper
to put It in the atmosphere than to do capture
and storage