COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

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COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL
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What is computer and what does it do?
A computer is an electronic machine, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can accept data (input),
manipulate the data according to specified rules
(process), produce results (output), and store
the result for future use (storage).
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Computer Software

• Is a series of instructions that tells the
  hardware of a computer what to do.
• 3 types of computer software
• Operating system (Windows, Linux, Unix)
• Application software
• (Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excell)
• Programming Language (COBOL, C)

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Operating System

• Is a series of instructions that tells the
  hardware of a computer what to do. The operating
  system (OS) contains instructions that coordinate
  all of the activities of hardware devices.
• OS also contains instructions that allow user to
  run application software.

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How the OS works?

• When you start a computer, the OS is loaded, or
  copied, into memory from the computers hard
  disk. It remains in memory while the computer is
  running and allows you to communicate with the
  computer and other software.

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Application Software

• Application software consists of programs
  designed to perform specific tasks for users.
• Example
• Word processing software allows you to create
  documents such as letters and memos.
• Spreadsheet software allows you to calculate
  numbers arranged in rows and columns.
• Presentation graphics software allows you to
  create documents called slides that are used in
  making presentations.

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Firmware

• Data, information and instructions that contained
  permanently in ROM chips.
• These instructions stored on ROM chips often are
  recorded when the chip is manufactured.

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VIRUS

• Computer viruses are small software programs that
  are designed to spread from one computer to
  another and to interfere with computer operation.
  
• A virus might corrupt or delete data on your
  computer, it uses e-mail program to spread itself
  to other computers, or even erase everything on
  your hard disk.

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SPAM

• Spam is flooding the Internet with many copies of
  the same message, in an attempt to force the
  message on people who would not otherwise choose
  to receive it. Most spam is commercial
  advertising, often for dubious products,
  get-rich-quick schemes, or quasi-legal services.
  Spam costs the sender very little to send -- most
  of the costs are paid for by the recipient or the
  carriers rather than by the sender.

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SPYWARE

• Spyware is any technology that aids in gathering
  information about a person or organization
  without their knowledge. On the Internet (where
  it is sometimes called a spybot or tracking
  software), spyware is programming that is put in
  someone's computer to secretly gather information
  about the user and relay it to advertisers or
  other interested parties.
• Spyware can even change computer settings,
  resulting in slow connection speeds, different
  home pages, and loss of Internet or other
  programs.

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Antivirus Software

• An antivirus program is a utility that prevents,
  detects, and removes viruses from a computers
  memory or storage devices.

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HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

• WINDOWS 98
• A personal computer with a 486DX 66 megahertz
  (MHz) or faster processor
• 16 megabytes (MB) of memory
• Hard disk space may range from between 120 MB and
  295 MB
• VGA or higher resolution (16-bit or 24-bit color
  SVGA recommended).

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HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

• Windows XP
• 300 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor clock
  speed recommended
• 128 megabytes (MB) of RAM (64 MB minimum
  supported may limit performance and some
  features)
• 1.5 Gigabyte (GB) of available hard disk space
• Super VGA (800 600) or higher resolution video
  adapter and monitor

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HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

• WINDOWS VISTA
• Home Basic / Home Premium / Business / Ultimate
• 800 MHz processor and 512 MB of system memory
• 20 GB hard drive with at least 15 GB of available
  space
• Support for Super VGA graphics

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WINDOWS UPDATE

• With Windows Updates, it can help protect your
  computer against the latest viruses and other
  security threats.
• When you turn on Automatic Updates, you don't
  have to search for updates online or worry that
  critical fixes might be missing. Windows
  automatically downloads and installs them for
  you, using a schedule that you determine.
• If you prefer to download and install updates
  yourself, you can also set up Automatic Updates
  to notify you whenever any high-priority updates
  become available.