What is Cardiovascular Disease

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What is Cardiovascular Disease?

• Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.
  (Cardio means heart vascular means blood
  vessels.) The circulatory system of the heart and
  blood vessels is the cardiovascular system.

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Why Should We Care?

• Coronary heart disease is the  1 cause of death
  in the United States.
• 1 Lifestyle Disease.
• Every 34 seconds someone dies of heart disease.
• More than 2,500 Americans die from heart disease
  each day.
• Every 20 seconds, a person in the United States
  has a heart attack.

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Why Should We Care

• Our habits begin at a young age and effect us the
  rest of our life.
• At least 250,000 people die of heart attacks each
  year before they reach a hospital.
• Studies show that under-educated people are more
  likely to suffer heart attacks.
• Men suffer heart attacks about 10 years earlier
  in life than women do.

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Why Should We Care?

• The countries with the highest death rates from
  heart disease are the Soviet Union, Romania,
  Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
  The countries with the lowest are Japan, France,
  Spain, Switzerland, and Canada.
• Almost 6 million hospitalizations each year (in
  the United States) are due to cardiovascular
  disease.
• Since 1900, Cardio Vascular Disease has been the
  number 1 killer in the United States for every
  year but 1918.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Congential and Aquired
• Arrythiamias
• Atherosclerosis
• High Blood Pressure

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Types of Heart Disease

• Children
• The two types of heart disease in children are
  "congenital" and "acquired."
• About 36,000 children are born with a heart
  defect each year.
• There is nothing that parents could have done to
  prevent these defects.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Arrhythmias
• disorders of the regular rhythmic beating of the
  heart
• 2.2 million Americans are living with
  arrhythmias.
• can occur in a healthy heart and be of minimal
  consequence.
• They also may indicate a serious problem and lead
  to heart disease, stroke or sudden cardiac death.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Atherosclerosis
• plaque builds up in arteries over time and may
  become large enough to significantly reduce blood
  flow.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Blood Pressure Facts
• One in three U.S. adults has high blood pressure.
• There are no symptoms, so nearly one-third of
  these people don't know they have it.
• In fact, many people have high blood pressure for
  years without knowing it.
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to
  stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney
  failure.
• Blood pressure is often called the "silent
  killer." The only way to tell if you have high
  blood pressure is to have your blood pressure
  checked.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Heart Failure
• More than 5 million Americans are living with
  heart failure.
• 550,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.

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Types of Heart Disease

• Blood Pressure Ranges
• Systolic Diastolic Normal less than 120 and less
  than 80
• Hypertension, Stage 1 140159 or 9099
• Hypertension, Stage 2 160 or higher or 100 or
  higher
• Unusually low readings should be evaluated for
  clinical significance.

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Risk Factors

• Uncontrollable risk factors include
• Male sex
• Older age
• Family history of heart disease
• Post-menopausal
• Race (African Americans, American Indians, and
  Mexican Americans are more likely to have heart
  disease than Caucasians)

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Risk Factors

• Controllable Risk Factors
• Smoking
• High LDL, or "bad" cholesterol and low HDL, or
  "good" cholesterol.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Physical inactivity
• Obesity (more than 20 over one's ideal body
  weight).
• Uncontrolled diabetes.
• Uncontrolled stress and anger

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Heart Disease Warning Signs

• The most common symptom is angina. Angina can be
  described as a discomfort, heaviness, pressure,
  aching, burning, fullness, squeezing or painful
  feeling in your chest.
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations (irregular heart beats, skipped
  beats or a "flip-flop" feeling in your chest)
• A faster heartbeat
• Weakness or dizziness
• Nausea
• Sweating

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Heart Attack Warning Signs

• Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the
  chest, arm or below the breastbone.
• Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat or
  arm.
• Fullness, indigestion or choking feeling (may
  feel like heartburn)
• Sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness
• Extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath
• Rapid or irregular heartbeats

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Treatments

• Pacemaker- Heart failure which doesnt respond to
  medical treatment sometimes requires this
  lifesaving transplant procedure.
• Angioplasty- is a nonsurgical technique for
  opening a blocked artery. A stent is a tube used
  to keep the artery open.

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Treatments

• Heart bypass surgery- is just what it sounds
  like. A surgeon builds a bypass around a blocked
  artery.
• Heart Transplant- Drastic but more common today.

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What is Stroke?

• Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease.
  It affects the arteries leading to and within the
  brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that
  carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is
  either blocked by a clot or bursts.

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Types of stroke

• Stroke can be caused either
• by a clot obstructing the flow of blood to the
  brain.
• by a blood vessel rupturing and preventing blood
  flow to the brain.

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Why Should We Care?

• Stroke Survivors
• I became a first-time grandmother in December
  2007 and traveled on an emergency flight to
  Hawaii to be with my daughter and new grandson.
  We were told that Oliver Michael suffered two
  strokes less than 24 hours after he was born.
• Oliver had a stroke

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Why Should We Care???

• Stroke Survivors
• Less than a month before he turned 13, Erik
  Dornbush woke up barely able to move his left
  side.  He was suffering from the worst headache
  of his life. When he tried to get up, he knocked
  over an end table and realized something was
  terribly wrong.
• Erik had a stroke

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Why Should we Care???

• She was obese as a child and her family has a
  history of diabetes and high blood pressure.
  Still, Yvette Fields admits, I didnt make an
  effort to get healthy. She even ignored the
  symptoms and signs of heart disease.
• Yvette had a stroke

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Did You Know???

• Of every 5 deaths from stroke, 2 occur in men and
  3 in women.
• The 2004 stroke death rates per 100,000
  population for specific groups were 48.1 for
  white males, 47.2 for white females, 74.9 for
  black males and 65.5 for black females.
• Americans will pay about 65.5 billion in 2008
  for stroke-related medical costs and disability.
• On average, every 3 to 4 minutes someone dies of
  stroke.

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Did You Know???

• 780,000 Americans each year suffer a new or
  recurrent stroke. That means, on average, a
  stroke occurs every 40 seconds.
• Stroke kills more than 150,000 people a year.
  That's about 1 of every 16 deaths.
• It's the No. 3 cause of death behind diseases of
  the heart and cancer.
• Its also a leading cause of serious, long-term
  disability.
• Many survivors are left with mental and physical
  disabilities.

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Effects of stroke

• Left Brain If the stroke occurs in the left side
  of the brain, the right side of the body (and the
  left side of the face) will be affected,
  producing some or all of the following
• Paralysis on the right side of the body   
• Speech/language problems   
• Slow, cautious behavioral style   
• Memory loss

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Effects of stroke

• Right BrainThe effects of a stroke depend on
  several factors including the location of the
  obstruction and how much brain tissue is
  affected. Paralysis on the left side of the body.
   
• Vision problems   
• Quick, inquisitive behavioral style   
• Memory loss

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Warning signs of stroke

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm
  or leg, especially on one side of the body.
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
  understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
  balance or coordination.
• Sudden, severe headache with no known cause.

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Diagnosis of Stroke

• someone has shown symptoms of a stroke.
• The following are test to diagnose stroke
• get a medical history
• do a physical and neurological examination
• have certain laboratory (blood) tests done
• get a CT scan of the patient
• study the results of other diagnostic tests that
  might be needed

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Stroke Risk Factors

• Controllable Risk Factors
• Age  The chance of having a stroke approximately
  doubles for each decade of life after age 55. 
  While stroke is common among the elderly, a lot
  of people under 65 also have strokes.
• Heredity (family history) and race  Your stroke
  risk is greater if a parent, grandparent, sister
  or brother has had a stroke.  African Americans
  have a much higher risk of death from a stroke
  than Caucasians do.  This is partly because
  blacks have higher risks of high blood pressure,
  diabetes and obesity.

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Stroke Risk Factors

• Controllable Risk Factors
• Sex (gender)  Stroke is more common in men than
  in women.  In most age groups, more men than
  women will have a stroke in a given year. 
  However, more than half of total stroke deaths
  occur in women.  At all ages, more women than men
  die of stroke.
•  
• Prior stroke or heart attack  The risk of stroke
  for someone who has already had one is many times
  that of a person who has not.  

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Stroke Risk Factors

• Uncontrollable Risk Factors
• High blood pressure  High blood pressure is the
  most important controllable risk factor for
  stroke. 
• Cigarette smoking  In recent years, studies have
  shown cigarette smoking to be an important risk
  factor for stroke.  
• Diabetes mellitus  Diabetes is an independent
  risk factor for stroke.  Many people with
  diabetes also have high blood pressure, high
  blood cholesterol and are overweight. 

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Stroke Risk Factors

• Uncontrollable Risk Factors
• Heart disease  People with coronary heart
  disease or heart failure have a higher risk of
  stroke than those with hearts that work
  normally.  
• High blood cholesterol  People with high blood
  cholesterol have an increased risk for stroke. 
• Poor diet  Diets high in saturated fat, trans
  fat and cholesterol can raise blood cholesterol
  levels.  
• Physical inactivity and obesity  Being inactive,
  obese or both can increase your risk of high
  blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes,
  heart disease and stroke.  

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Treatments for Stroke

• Surgery, drugs, acute hospital care and
  rehabilitation are all accepted stroke
  treatments.
• Living with stroke
• Rehabilitation is a critical part of recovery for
  many stroke survivors.
• The effects of stroke may mean that you must
  change, relearn or redefine how you live.
• Stroke rehabilitation helps you return to
  independent living.

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