Week 2' Speech Physiology

1
Week 2. Speech Physiology

• Contents
• Vocal organs
• Three processes of speech production
• Initiation
• Phonation
• Articulation

2
Initiation

• To make sounds air is necessary
• Initiation is the process of creating air stream
• Three ways of initiation
• Pulmonic airstream mechanism Lung
• Glottalic airstream mechanism Glottis
• Velaric airstream mechanism velum

3
Phonation

• To produce speech sounds, air stream should be
  distorted in one way or another
• Phonation is a process of changing air stream
• Phonation is mainly achieved at larynx

4
Principal speech organs

• Lung, Trachea(windpipe)
• Larynx
• Vocal folds (chords, cords)
• Glottis
• Vocal tract
• Pharynx
• Nasal tract
• Oral tract

5
Larynx

• The upper portion of the windpipe which produces
  speech
• Major components
• Vocal cords
• Glottis
• epiglottis
• Three cartilages
• Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid

6
Larynx midsagittal view
7
Larynx lateral view
8
Larynx posterior view
9
Vocal cords
10
Articulation

• A variety of speech sounds can be produced in
  terms of another way of air stream change
  Articulation
• Articulation is done mainly somewhere at vocal
  tract

11

12
Consonantal articulation

• Voicing
• Place of articulation
• Manner of articulation

13
Voicing

• Voiced vocal chords vibrates
• Voiceless vocal chords are generally open

14
Places of articulation

• Bilabial, labiodental, alveolar, retroflex,
  paloto-alveolar (alveopalatal), palatal, velar,
  uvular, glottal

15
Manners of articulation

• Stop
• Fricative
• Affricate
• Nasal
• Liguid
• lateral
• retroflex

16
Manners of articulation

• Stop
• Fricative
• Affricate
• Nasal
• Liguid
• lateral
• retroflex

• flap ( tap)
• trill

17
Vowel articulation

• tongue height
• tongue backness
• lip rounding
• tenseness
• length