Conservative Order through Social Unrest

1
Conservative Order through Social Unrest

• 1815 -1848

2
Nationalism 19th Century

• Problem with Congress of Vienna legitimacy does
  not recognize ethnicity
• People define national character popular
  sovereignty
• Pushed by authors, historians
• Nationalist Challenges
• Irish Problem
• Prussia vs. Austria
• Austria vs. Hungary
• Poland vs. Russia
• Italian unifying city-states
• Eastern European Rebellions

3
Liberalism

• Gain ideas from Enlightenment
• Equality, religious toleration, freedom of press
• Consent of governed representative
• Written constitutions
• Educated, from at least the upper middle class
• Propertied class would have representation quote
  p. 661
• Economy free market

4
Conservatism

• Conservatism associated with the past
  monarchies, churches, landed aristocracy
• Did not like idea of written constitution
• Churches were supporters of the philosophy
• Aristocrats lost many of privileges and
  therefore wanted to return to the past

5
Austria and Germany Resistanceto Liberalism and
Nationalism

• Habsburg Pressure Poles, Czechs, Slovenes,
  Slovaks, Italians, Croats, Serbs, Bosnians,
  Hungarians, Germans all were within territory
  Nationalism a threat
• Metternich knew this and realized that he had to
  quell nationalistic fervor
• Austria tried to dominate the German
  Confederation
• Prussia moved away from reform
• Burschenschaften student groups nationalistic,
  liberal
• An assassination of conservative dramatist gave
  Metternich the reason to issue Carlsbad Decrees
  1819
• Carlsbad Decrees press sensors, outlawed
  student groups, created secret police

6
England 1815 -1848

• Led by Tory Ministry Lord Liverpool could not
  handle unemployment
• Tried to protect landed, wealthy
• 1815 Corn Laws levied tariffs on imported
  grain, protect British Grain prices
• Coercion Acts 1817 repealed Habeas Corpus after
  a gathering protesting
• Peterloo Massacre 1819 meeting outside
  Manchester, militia entered crowd 11 killed
• Six Acts response to the massacre
• no large public meetings
• increased taxes on newspapers
• allowed local officials to search homes in
  disturbed areas
• Cato Conspiracy a poorly planned plot to blow
  up the entire British Cabinet five are hung

7
Still England

• Catholic Emancipation Act 1829 created free
  environment for Catholics, Ireland rejoiced, Sir
  Robert Peel was involved
• 1830 Whigs under Earl Grey came to power
• rotten boroughs
• Great Reform Bill 1832 property qualification
  increased voters, urban boroughs were created,

8
Bourbon Restoration

• Post-Napoleon brother of Louis XVI
• Louis XVIII (r.1814-1824)
• The Charter Constitutional Monarch
• Property rights current

• Assassination of his son made Louis XVIII more
  repressive
• Censored press, secondary education under
  Catholic church, wealthy more power
• Liberals being once again ousted by ultraroyalists

9
Greek Revolution 1821

• Occurred while European powers were distracted by
  Spain and Italy
• Became a cause for liberals, Greeks were
  rebelling against Ottoman Empire
• The Eastern Question
• Britain, France and Russia supported Greece
  Treaty of London 1830 recognized Greece as
  independent nation
• Otto I was the first ruler of the Greek Kingdom

10
Serbian Independence

• Also seeking to break from Ottoman
• Kara George led guerilla warfare
• 1830 Serbia was granted independence Milos
  Obrenovitch was the leader
• Many Serbs lived outside of these borders
• Constant tension with Austria
• Serbia did not treat Muslims within their border
  well
• Russia becomes best ally Greek Orthodox, Slav

11

• FOR Decembrist Revolt Russia, Poland, France
  1830, Belgium please see go to
  www.pptpalooza.net and hit the link for 1820-1830
  revolutions slide show