Why did parliament win the English Civil War 16426

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Why did parliament win the English Civil War
(1642-6)?

• AS Revision
• Essay questions

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Assess the claim that the most important reason
for the defeat of Charles I in the First Civil
War (1642-1646) was a lack of money.

• Think
• What are the key words in the question
• What will be your line of argument

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Key dates

• Jan 1642 Charles left London and set up his court
  at York
• Feb 1642 Henrietta Maria sailed for Holland to
  raise money and forces
• Apr 1642 Charles refused entry to the royal
  arsenal at Hull

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• July 1642 Navy declared for Parliament
• Aug 1642 king raised his standard at Nottingham
• Aug 1642 freeholders in Yorkshire sign neutrality
  pact
• Sept 1642 Staffordshire freeholders declared
  their county a neutral zone

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• Oct 1642 Battle of Edgehill
• Nov 1642 Turnham Green/ king retreats to Oxford
• Feb 1642 Henrietta Maria returns with arms from
  Holland
• Apr-May Oxford negotiations

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• June 1643 Solemn League and Covenant
• Sept 1643 Essex relieved siege of Gloucester
  kings advance on London held at Newbury
• Oct 1643 Cessation treaty
• Feb 1644 Committee of Both Kingdoms formed

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• July 1644 Marston Moor
• Aug 1644 Lostwithiel quarrels among
  parliamentarian generals allowed royalists to
  escape at the second battle of Newbury
• Dec 1644 Self Denying Ordinance passed
• Jan 1645 Committee of Both Kingdoms agreed the
  formation of a NMA

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• June 1645 Naseby
• Sept 1645 Rupert surrendered Bristol Montrose
  defeated in Scotland
• May 5 1646 King surrendered to the Scots

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Lack of money factor

• Potential resources of parliament
• Geographical control
• Charless short term/ diminishing assets
• What effect did this have on his war effort/ the
  battlefield?

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Individual errors miscalculations

• Relative ability of commanders
• Charles Failure to seize London in 1642
  (division) 1643
• Rupert Marston Moor decision to give battle
  (Lord Eythin, only 4000 of his men turned up)
• Charles Naseby fought against Ruperts advice

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Parliamentarian assets

• Control of the navy
• Scottish alliance
• Control of London the South East

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• Significance of key battles
• Marston Moor
• Disaster for the royalists
• Loss of control of the North lost potential
  financial and recruiting resources
• Loss of military force Rupert gathered only
  6000 troops from the defeated (Charles had 10,000
  in Oxford and Maurice and Hopton 5,000 beseiging
  Lime Regis)
• High casualty rates 6000 fatalities (2/3
  royalist) and 1500 prisoners

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• But
• Failure to follow up success
• Lostwithiel
• Tippermuir
• Continued localism taxes normally used in their
  own association
• Recruitment poor low wages, high levels of
  desertion
• Continued division

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Reorganisation of the parliamentarian war effort

• Accessing resources financial reforms of 1643
• Creation of Associations
• Self Denying Ordinance victory of the war
  party
• NMA

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Resurgence of neutralism