The current situation of fuel ethanol in China

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The current situation of fuel ethanol in China

• Dehua LIU
• Department of Chemical Engineering
• Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
• Sep. 15, 2005

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Outline

• Background
• Biomass resources
• Development status
• National plan on renewable energy development
• Conclusions

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I. Background

• China decided to launch bioethanol program in
  2000. It was driven by at least three issues
• fuel shortage
• air pollution
• developing rural economy

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I. Background
The difference in the rate of discovery of oil
and the rate of oil use in the world
SourceWorkshop-seminar, 23-25 May, 2005,
MEKARN-CTU. Implications for livestock production
of the decline in world oil reserves. R A Leng
and T R Preston.
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I. Background
China imported 0.2 percent of the total petroleum
consumption in the world in 1990, while
imported 5.1 percent of that in 2003. (It was
increased by 25-folds in 13 years.)
China share about 40 percent of world newly
increase of petroleum consumption.
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I. Background
Data in 2005 is expected
Chinas Petroleum Balance in Selected Years
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I. Background
According to IEA statistics, China is the 2nd
largest oil consumer in the world.
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I. Background
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I. Background
In 10,000 tons
China gasoline production and vehicular
consumption in selected years
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I. Background
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I. Background
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I. Background
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2. Air Pollution
Air Pollution in Beijing
Among world wide great cities
TSP content Beijing ranks second
NO2 content Beijing ranks second
SO2 content Beijing ranks third
Great efforts are being made by the local
government to improve the environments quality
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I. Background
The income of per-capita urban residents grew by
9.3 in 2003, but only 4.3 for rural residents
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II. Biomass resources

• In 1990s, more than 80 percent of ethanol was
  made from grains including corn, cassava, rice
  etc. About 10 from sugar, 6 from paper pulp
  waste residue, and the rest from ethylene by
  synthetic process

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Feedstock for bioethanol production

• In 2001 2003, about 500 M tons of grain was
  produced averagely in a year
• During the same period, about 30 35 M tons of
  potato-typed products was produced averagely in a
  year
• Sugar cane average annual production during
  2000 2003 was 75 M tons.
• Sweet sorghum mainly trial plantation at present

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II. Biomass resources

• By the end of 2004, the proportion had changed a
  lot, about 48 from corn, 19 from sugar, and the
  rest (33) from cassava.

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Corn Sugar cane Cassava Sweet sorghum
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III. Development status of bioethanol
China ethanol industry is comprised of over 200
production facilities in 11 provinces capable of
producing more than 10 million tons of ethanol
each year. Bioethanol production capacity will
surpass 1.0 million tons by 2005.
Source WANG Yijing, QIN Renwei. Outlines on
technical materials of alcohol industry
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III. Development status of bioethanol
Global tendencies in the production of alcohol
(Berg 2003).
Source R.A. Leng Implications of the decline in
world oil reserves for future world livestock
production. As same as below
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III. Development status of bioethanol
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• Retrofit of Existed Plants

• Jin YU Inc., Helongjiang Province in North-east
  China (100,000 t/y),
• Tian Guan Group, Henan Province in Mid-China
  (200,000 t/y)

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• Building New Plants

• Jilin Province in North-east China (600,000 t/y)
• Fengyuan Group, Anhui Province in East China
  (320,000 t/y)
• Tianguang Group in Henan Province (300,000 t/y)

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JILIN FUEL ETHANOL Co., LTD
Saccharification FLOW
Fermentation FLOW
Destillation FLOW
Dehydration FLOW
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Fermentation
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Destillation
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Dehydration
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Henan Tianguang Group
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Tianguan FUEL ETHANOL Co., LTD
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SourceEconomic Information Daily.2004-2-25
Business Tourism Daily 2004-3-23
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Biodiesel

• So far specification and incentive policy on
  biodiesel has not been issued, it is expected to
  be published soon
• A few small plants (capacity from 5 to 20
  thousand tons per year) had been built and are
  running for biodiesel production
• The feedstock used for biodiesel production
  include waste cooking oil, some oil from oily
  plant
• Part of biodiesel products were exported abroad
• A lot of technological researches are being
  conducted.

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IV. National plan on enewable energy development

• By 2020, power generation by renewable energy
  will reach 100 GW, and take up to 10 of the
  total, among which, wind power, small hydropower,
  and biomass fueled power will be 20 GW, 50 GW,
  and 20 GW, respectively.
• By 2020, annual production capacity of liquid
  biofuels(ethanol biodiesel) will reach 11 M
  tons.
• Chinese law on renewable energy has been issued.

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IV. National plan on renewable energy development

• As forecasted, if maintaining the existing
  vehicles structure and fuel consumption of each
  vehicle, about 100 M vehicles will be used and
  228 M tons of gasoline and diesel will be
  consumed in China in 2020.
• Blending 10 of biofuels in fossil gasoline and
  diesel in 2020, then the biofuels demand will
  reach 22.8 M tons.
• That is, the targeted capacity(11M tons) at the
  national development plan will only satisfy about
  50 of the total consumption (when blending 10
  in all the used fuels).

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IV. National plan on renewable energy development

• Considering the food security, it is better to
  use non-food related crops as the material for
  bioethanol production.
• According to different local situation, efforts
  should be made on bioethanol production with
  multiple types of raw materials.
• To promote the biofuel production and application
  in a greater efforts, such as enlarging the
  planed target on bioethanol production (80 even
  all provinces will use blended gasoline).

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V. Conclusions

• The driving force of developing bio-fuels
  includes petroleum shortage, air pollution and
  developing rural economy
• Considering the safety of grain supply, China
  will develop fuel ethanol step by step, and
  encourage the development of ethanol production
  from non-grain substrate
• China government has been paying more and more
  attention on the substitute energy, specially
  renewable energy, including biofuels.

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Thanks!
Contacting Tel [phone] Fax
86-10-62785475 dhliu_at_tsinghua.edu.cn