Introduction to IPv6 Network

1
Introduction to IPv6Network Application

• Passakon Prathombutr
• Next Generation Internet (NGI)
• National Electronics and Computer Technology
  Center

2
IPv6 Why? How?
USER
Why? How?
CARRIER ISP
Why? How?
DEVELOPER RESEARCHER
Why? How?
3
Needs for IPv6

• Unlike Y2K
• IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990
• Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses
• Why not IPv5?
• 5 becomes stream protocol, ST, assigned in
  version field of header.
• Enhance features

4
Technological Imperatives for Adoption

• Need Killer Application?
• Network Address Translation (NAT)
• Not for IPSec, QoS, VoIP, Peer-to-Peer
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

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What is IPv6?

• Internet Protocol Version 6 designed by IETF to
  replace current IP (IPv4)
• More address spaces (128-bits)
• New header design and features

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Header comparison
0
15
16
31
Removed (6)
vers hlen TOS
total length

• ID, flags, flag offset
• TOS, hlen
• header checksum

identification flags
flag-offset
TTL protocol header checksum
20 bytes
source address
destination address
Changed (3)
options and padding

• total length gt payload
• protocol gt next header
• TTL gt hop limit

IPv4
vers traffic class
flow-label
Added (2)
payload length next header hop
limit

• traffic class
• flow label

40 bytes
source address
Expanded
destination address

• address 32 to 128 bits

IPv6
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Major Improvement of IPv6 Header

• No Option field. Replaced by extension header.
  Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header.
• No header checksum. Result in fast processing.
• No fragmentation at intermediate nodes. Result in
  fast IP forwarding.

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128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE085B1F1F00000000000000A91234
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated
by
Leading zeros can be removed
3FFE85B1F1FA91234
all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit
hexadecimal numbers
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Prefix Allocation

• Type Prefix (binary bits) Range
• Global (anycast) 001 2xxx to 3xxx
• Link-local 1111 1110 10 FE8x to FEBx
• Site-local 1111 1110 11 FECx to FEFx
• Multicast 1111 1111 FFxx
• Link-local Unreachable from other sites,
  equivalent to IPv4 private addr.
• Site-local Used to communicate with neighbor
  node on the same link.
• Global Allocation
• 2001/16 Sub-TLA Assignment (by APNIC, ARIN,
  RIPE)
• 2002/16 6to4 (simply generated from 1 public
  IPv4 address)
• 3FFE/16 6bone (e.g., NECTEC got 3FFE4016/32)

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Example on Windows XP
From router
C\gt ipv6 if Interface 4 Ethernet Local Area
Connection 0220B018-5B2D-43A4-B44F-D2641F448EB0
uses Neighbor Discovery uses Router
Discovery link-layer address
00-0e-a6-5b-15-87 preferred global
3ffe4016e00017408b672b4598f6b, life
6d20h36m49s/20h3 4m2s (anonymous) preferred
global 3ffe4016e000120ea6fffe5b1587, life
29d23h53m56s/6d23 h53m56s (public) preferred
link-local fe8020ea6fffe5b1587, life
infinite multicast interface-local ff011, 1
refs, not reportable multicast link-local
ff021, 1 refs, not reportable multicast
link-local ff021ff5b1587, 2 refs, last
reporter multicast link-local
ff021ff598f6b, 1 refs, last reporter link
MTU 1500 (true link MTU 1500) current hop limit
64 reachable time 15000ms (base 30000ms)
retransmission interval 1000ms DAD transmits 1
Random
EUI-64 MAC
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Benefits of IPv6

• Improve efficiency in routing and packet handling
• Large addressing space and network prefixes
  short and scalable routing table
• Header format is simpler than that of the IPv4
  header good for 64-bit processors
• Support Plug and Play address auto-configuration/
  renumbering
• Good for mobile IP wireless devices, and home
  appliances.
• Easier to transit from one provider to another.

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Benefits of IPv6 (cont.)

• Support for embedded IPSec
• Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and
  Authentication Header (AH) are parts of extension
  headers
• Improve support for multicast No more broadcast
  addresses
• Eliminate the need for NAT
• Support for widely deployed routing protocols
  e.g., OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, RIPng and BGP4

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Techniques for Transition

• Dual stack
• Between IPv6 islands via IPv4 cloud
• IPv6-over-4 configured tunnel, 6to4, 6over4,
  ISATAP, Tunnel broker (freenet6, Hurricane
  Electric, TILAB)
• Between IPv6 and IPv4
• DSTM(Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism),
  NAT-PT(Network Address Translation-Protocol
  Translation), SIIT (Stateless IPv6-IPv4
  Translator), BIS(Bump-In-the-Stack),
  BIA(Bump-In-the-API), TCP-UDP relay

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6to4 Tunneling
IPv4 192.150.240.24 IPv6 2002C096F0181/128
IPv4 202.57.124.186 IPv6 2002CA397CBA1/128
Tunnel
2002C096F0182/128
2002CA397CBA2/128
IPv4 Network
6to4 router
6to4 router
6to4 network
6to4 network
IPv4 packet Src. 202.57.124.186 Dest.
192.150.240.24
IPv6 packet Src. 2002CA397CBA2/128 Dest.
2002C096F0182/128
IPv6 packet Src. 2002CA397CBA2/128 Dest.
2002C096F0182/128
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????????? IPv6

• 6NET (www.6net.org)
• A project to demonstrate how IPv6 technology can
  enable the continued growth of the internet.
• 6LINK (www.6link.org)
• A project that aims to foster an improved
  understanding of IPv6 development and deployment.
• 6BONE (www.6bone.net)
• An IPv6 Testbed of the IETF IPng project
• 6NGIX and 6KANet
• IPv6 Network Internet exchange
• IPv6 Korea Advanced Network

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IPv6 sites

• http//www.freenet6.net/
• Freenet6 server delivers IPv6 connectivity for
  end stations using IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels.
  Computers connected to Internet can use this free
  service to get connected on the 6Bone.
• http//playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html
• IP Next Generation (IPng) Working Group Home Page
  
• http//www.6bone.net
• 6bone Home Page
• http//www.euro6ix.net/
• European IPv6 exchange backbone. Jan02-05
• http//www.6ren.net
• 6ren Home Page
• http//ipng.ip6.fc.ul.pt
• University of Lisbon Science Faculty IPv6 testbed
  (in Portuguese)
• http//www.stardust.com/ipv6/index.htm
• Technology channel on Startdust.com for IPv6
• http//www.ipv6.ru/
• Russian National IPv6 Forum
• http//www.eurescom.de/public/projects/P700-series
  /P702/html/brochure.htm
• European Institute for Research and Strategic
  Studies in Telecommunications
• http//www.ipv6forum.com

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Current Products/Applications

• BSD, Linux, MS Windows 2000, XP, 9X, NT,
  Solaris, MAC OS X, Open-VMS, True64 Unix, HP-UX
• Cisco, Juniper, Nortel, Fujitsu, Hitachi, GNU
  zebra, etc.
• WWW, DNS, Mail, FTP, Telnet, News, Firewall, etc.

http//playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-imple
mentations.html http//www.deepspace6.net/docs/
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www.ist-ipv6.org
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Thank you