OWLFull Reasoning from Object Oriented Perspective

1
OWL-Full Reasoning from Object Oriented
Perspective

• Seiji Koide1,2 and Hideaki Takeda1
• 1National Institute of Informatics
• 2Galaxy Express Corporation

2
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

3
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

4
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages (from SETF)
From http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/SE/OD
SD/
5
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
Modified from http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPracti
ces/SE/ODSD/
6
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
Modified from http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPracti
ces/SE/ODSD/
7
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
perform entailment without demand from users
Modified from http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPracti
ces/SE/ODSD/
8
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
From http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/SE/OD
SD/
9
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
Modified from http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPracti
ces/SE/ODSD/
10
The Comparison of OWL/RDF and Object-Oriented
Languages
Modified from http//www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPracti
ces/SE/ODSD/
11
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

12
Straight-forward Mapping

• Name space to lisp package
• QName to lisp symbol
• rdftype to class-instance
• rdfssubClassOf to superclass-subclass
• Property-value to slot-value
• RDF graph to Objects, which is bound to the name
  symbol, and slots or role-filler pairs of objects

13
Entailment Ruleshttp//www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/
Subsumption Rule
Transitivity Rule
(defclass xxx ( ) ( ) ) (setq vvv (make-instance
(defclass uuu (xxx) ( )))) (typep vvv xxx) ?
true (defclass xxx ( ) ( )) (defclass vvv (xxx) (
)) (defclass uuu (vvv) ( )) (subtypep 'uuu 'xxx)
? true
14
Hierarchical Structure of RDFS
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
Class
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdf_2
Instance
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
15
Transitivity Rule implies
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfBag
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfList
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdfsResource is a superclass of other classes
rdf_2
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
16
Transitivity Rule implies
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfBag
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfList
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdfsResource is a superclass of other classes
and meta-classes
rdf_2
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
17
Subsumption Rule implies
Every instance is an instance of rdfsResource
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfList
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdf_2
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
18
Subsumption Rule implies
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
Every class is an instance of rdfsResource
rdf_2
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
19
Subsumption Rule implies
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfsResource
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdfsDatatype and rdfsClass are also an
instance of rdfsResource
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdf_2
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
20
Membership Loop in RDFS
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
21
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
22
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
23
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
24
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
25
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
26
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
27
Membership Loop in RDFS
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
28
Meta-meta-Class
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
29
Meta-meta-meta-Class
Meta- Meta-meta-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
30
Meta-meta-meta-meta-Class
Meta-meta- meta-meta-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
Meta- meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
31
Meta-meta-meta-meta-meta-Class
Meta-meta-meta- meta-meta-class
Meta-meta- meta-meta-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
Meta- meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
32
Meta-meta-meta-meta-Class
Meta-meta- meta-meta2-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
Meta- meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
33
Folded Meta-meta-meta-Class
Meta- Meta-meta3-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
Meta-meta-class
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
34
Folded Meta-meta-Class
Meta-meta-class Meta-meta-class
class instance
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
rdfsClass
Meta-class
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
35
Folded Infinite MetaClass Layers
Meta-meta-class Meta-meta-class Meta-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
36
Hierarchical Structure of RDFS
Meta-meta-class Meta-meta-class Meta-class
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsDatatype
rdfBag
rdfList
rdfSeq
rdfXMLLiteral
rdfsLiteral
Class
rdfsContainer
rdfAlt
rdfsResource
rdfStatement
rdfProperty
rdfsContainerMembershipProperty
rdfnil
rdf_1
rdfsseeAlso
rdfsisDefinedBy
rdfvalue
rdfsubject
rdfsmember
rdf_2
Instance
rdf_3
rdfsdomain
rdfsrange
rdfslabel
rdfobject
rdfscomment
rdffirst
rdfssubClassOf
rdfssubPropertyOf
rdftype
rdfpredicate
rdfrest
37
Naive Hierarchical Structure of SUMO
rdfsClass
sumoUnitOfMeasure
sumoSystemeInternationalUnit
rdfsResource
sumoEntity
sumoAbstract
sumoQuantity
sumoPhysicalQuantity
sumoConstantQuantity
sumoLengthMeasure
sumoMeter
38
Hierarchical Structure of SUMO
rdfsClass
sumoUnitOfMeasure
sumoSystemeInternationalUnit
rdfsResource
sumoEntity
sumoAbstract
sumoQuantity
sumoPhysicalQuantity
sumoConstantQuantity
sumoLengthMeasure
sumoMeter
39
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

40
Two Styles of RDFS OWL

• OWL-Full Style
• the three parts of the OWL universe are
  identified with their RDF counterparts, namely
  the class extensions of rdfsResource,
  rdfsClass, and rdfProperty.
• OWL-DL Style
• the three parts are different from their RDF
  counterparts and, moreover, pairwise disjoint.

41
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
rdfsClass
rdfsResource
rdfProperty
42
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlRestriction
owlClass
rdfsClass
vinWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
43
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlRestriction
owlClass
owlClass
rdfsClass
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty

• All classes under owlClass are in rdfsUniverse

44
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
vinWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
45
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinZinfandel
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
vinElyseZinfandel
46
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinZinfandel
vinWine
vinZinfandel
owlThing
owlThing
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
vinElyseZinfandel
vinElyseZinfandel

• We need the new axiom to make OWL individuals be
  in RDFS universe.
• owlThing rdfssubClassOf rdfsResource .

47
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinZinfandel
vinWine
vinZinfandel
owlThing
owlThing
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
vinElyseZinfandel
vinElyseZinfandel
OWL Universe
RDF Universe
Extension of rdfsResource
Extension of owlThing
48
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
owlClass
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinZinfandel
vinWine
vinZinfandel
owlThing
owlThing
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
vinElyseZinfandel
OWL Universe
RDF Universe
Extension of rdfsResource
Extension of owlThing
49
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
owlClass
rdfsClass
vinWine
vinZinfandel
vinWine
vinZinfandel
owlThing
owlThing
rdfsResource
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
vinElyseZinfandel

• We need the new axiom to make OWL classes be in
  OWL universe.
• owlClass rdfssubClassOf owlThing .

50
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty

• Classes may be treated as individual

51
OWL-Full Style Connection
rdfssubClassOf rdfssubPropertyOf rdftype
class instance
owlClass
owlRestriction
rdfsClass
vinWine
foodWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty

• Classes may be treated as individual
• vinWine owlsameAs foodWine .

52
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

53
Structural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
C º A1 Ç A2 Ç A3 Ç A4 Ç " R1.C1 Ç
Ç " Rn.Cn
B2
A2
A3
for all Bi , there exists Aj such that Aj Í Bi
for all Di , there exists Cj such that Rj Si
, Cj Í Di
A4
B3
B1
then C Í D
D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn
B2
B3
54
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
C Í Aj , "Rj.Cj
B2
A2
A3
for all Bi , there exists Aj such that Aj Í Bi
for all Di , there exists Cj such that Rj Si
, Cj Í Di
A4
B3
B1
then C Í D
D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn
B2
B3
55
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
C Í Aj , "Rj.Cj
B2
A2
TYPO page 271 item6 Collect all substantially
subsuming concepts and restrictions (all of
CLOS Superclasses) for each C and each D, instead
of C and D, and do the stru-
A3
for all Bi , there exists Aj such that Aj Í Bi
for all Di , there exists Cj such that Rj Si
, Cj Í Di
A4
B3
Correct Collect all substantially subsuming
concepts and restrictions (all of
CLOS Superclasses) for each C and each
intersections of D, instead of C and D, and do
the stru-
B1
then C Í D
D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn
B2
B3
56
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
C Í Aj , "Rj.Cj
B2
A2
A3
for all Bi , there exists Aj such that Aj Í Bi
for all Di , there exists Cj such that Rj Si
, Cj Í Di
A4
B3
B1
then C Í D
D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn
B2
B3
57
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
C Í Aj , "Rj.Cj pick up all supers of C
B2
A2
A3
for all , there exists such that Í
For intersection and allValuesFrom it is
complete. But,
A4
B3
B1
then C Í D
D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn pick up all supers of Intersections of D
B2
B3
58
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm

• "Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di, if Rj Si, C Í D - complete
• Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• "Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rja vs. Sib , if Rj Si, a Í b -
  complete
• Rja vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  complete
• Rja vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  overestimate

59
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
B1
A1
to Equivalent Class

C Í Aj , "Rj.Cj pick up all supers of C
B2

A2
A3
for all , there exists such that Í
Instead of C and D, test all members of
equivalent classes
A4
B3
B1
then C Í D

D º B1 Ç B2 Ç B3 Ç " S1.D1 Ç Ç "
Sn.Dn pick up all supers of Intersections of D
B2

B3
60
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
to Equivalent Property
-
-
-
-

• "Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di, if Rj Si, C Í D - complete
• Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• "Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rja vs. Sib , if Rj Si, a Í b -
  complete
• Rja vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  complete
• Rja vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  overestimate

-
-
-
-
Instead of R and S, test equivalency of
property with members of the equivalent properties
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
61
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm
to Equivalent Property
-
-
-
-

• "Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di, if Rj Si, C Í D - complete
• Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• "Rj.Cj vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rj.Cj vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, C Í D -
  incomplete
• Rja vs. Sib , if Rj Si, a Í b -
  complete
• Rja vs. "Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  complete
• Rja vs. Si.Di , if Rj Si, a Î D -
  overestimate

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
62
ExtendedStructural Subsumption Algorithm

• Finally, we test subsumption in individual level

sameAs


If C D, then C D

If C Í D, then C D
Transitive-lower for transitive properties
63
Efficiency of Computation

• Allegro Common Lisp 8.0 on MS-Window 2000
• Pentium 4 (2.6GHz), 1 GB RAM
• Loading time of Food Wine Ontology 2 sec
• Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM)
• For LUBM(1,0)
• 8330 persons 1627 courses 15 departments
  979 universities
• Loading time 4 min 14 sec

64
Efficiency of Computation (LUBM(1,0))
65
Agenda

• Semantic Gap between SW and OOP
• Metamodeling in RDF Universe
• How to connect RDF and OWL Universe
• Extended Structural Algorithm for OWL Subsumption
• OWL-Full Programming by Metamodeling

66
OWL-Full ProgrammingMeta-class for Role Filler
BrandWine
owlClass
rdfsClass
NonBrandWineConcept
vinZinfandel
vinWine
(hasIDNumber 12345)
vinCaliforniaWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
67
OWL-Full ProgrammingMeta-class for Role Filler
BrandWine
"hasIDNumber . xsdpositiveInteger
owlClass
rdfsClass
NonBrandWineConcept
vinZinfandel
vinWine
(hasIDNumber 12345)
vinCaliforniaWine
owlThing
rdfsResource
owlDatatypeProperty
rdfProperty
owlObjectProperty
68
OWL-Full ProgrammingTreatment of Instance as
Class
owlClass
exprExpression
1³exprexpressionBody
exprCondition
gxprocessOperationModePrecondition
gxprocessPipeCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessTankCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessRocketTankingModePrecondition
gxdomainPipeCoolDowmMode
gxdomainOperationMode
gxdomainTankCoolDowmMode
Actual Data for Precondition
gxdomainRocketTankingMode
(exprexpressionBody xxx)
69
OWL-Full ProgrammingTreatment of Instance as
Class
owlClass
exprExpression
1³exprexpressionBody
exprCondition
gxprocessOperationModePrecondition
gxprocessPipeCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessTankCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessRocketTankingModePrecondition
gxdomainPipeCoolDowmMode
(exprexpressionBody xxx)
gxdomainOperationMode
gxdomainTankCoolDowmMode
Actual Data for Precondition
gxdomainRocketTankingMode
70
OWL-Full ProgrammingTreatment of Instance as
Class
owlClass
gxprocessPrecondition
exprExpression
1³exprexpressionBody
exprCondition
gxprocessOperationModePrecondition
gxprocessPipeCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessTankCoolDownModePrecondition
gxprocessRocketTankingModePrecondition
gxdomainPipeCoolDowmMode
(exprexpressionBody xxx)
gxdomainOperationMode
gxdomainTankCoolDowmMode
Actual Data for Precondition
gxdomainRocketTankingMode
71
Conclusions

• OWL Reasoning is implemented on top of dynamic
  Object Oriented Language, CLOS.
• OWL-Full Performance is obtained by
  Object-Oriented Metamodeling.
• Extended Structural Subsumtion Algorithm is
  programmed.
• However, it is still incomplete on
  someValuesFrom.
• OWL universe is connected to RDF universe in
  OWL-Full style.