The Endocrine, Nervous, and Reproductive Systems

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The Endocrine, Nervous, and Reproductive Systems

• AP Biology Review
• Holly Davis

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Endocrine Nervous Reproductive
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Endocrine

• How many known hormones are there?
• 100
• 15
• 50

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Sorry thats wrong!
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Your Right!

• There are 50 known hormones affecting the human
  body.
• Hormones affect certain cells, called target
  cells. Each hormone has a specific shape
  recognized by the target cells.

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Endocrine

• Two types of Peptide hormones are
• cAMP (cyclic AMP) and Inositol Triposphate
• FSH and LH
• Prolactin and TSH

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Genius!

• The Pituitary is the master gland, influencing
  all other glands. FYI- The posterior lobe of the
  pituitary gland is actually part of the brain.

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Endocrine

• What is the master gland in the body?
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary
• Thyroid

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Amazing!

• Peptide hormones are unable to pass through cell
  membranes and must bind to receptor sites. Two
  types are cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Inositol
  Triphosphate.

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Endocrine

• Female hormone glands are _______ and male
  hormone glands are _______.
• Thyroid and testes
• Ovaries and testes
• Hypothalamus and thyroid

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Great Job!

• The Ovaries are the female hormone gland, which
  produce estrogen and progesterone.
• The testes are the male hormone gland in which
  testosterone is produced.

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Endocrine

• Which of these are not a hormone found in the
  pituitary gland?
• Endorphins
• cAMP
• FSH

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Correct!

• cAMP is not one of the many hormones made in the
  pituitary gland. It is actually a type of peptide
  hormones.
• Endorphins and FSH are both hormones from the
  pituitary gland.

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Nervous

• What are the 3 types of neurons?
• Sensory, motor, dendrite
• Motor, interneurons, resting
• Interneurons,motor, sensory

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Super!

• Sensory, interneurons, and motor are the 3 types
  of neurons. Sensory takes stimulus to CNS.
  Interneurons integrate sensory input and motor
  output. Motor muscles and other glands respond
  to stimulus.

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Nervous

• Situation in which nerve is positively charged on
  outside and negatively charged on inside.
• Threshold
• Polarization
• Depolarization

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Great Job!

• Polarization is a situation in which nerve is
  positively charged on outside and negatively
  charged on inside.
• Threshold is lowest point of electrical activity
  that will initiate depolarization.
• Depolarization is the opposite of polarization.

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Nervous

• What phylum has the simplest nervous system?
• Cnidarians
• Arthropods
• Platyhelminthes

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Way to Go!

• Cnidarians have the simplest nervous system of
  all the phylum. They have a loosely organized net
  of nerves.

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Nervous

• What does acetylcholine do?
• Stimulates muscle to contract
• Relaxes muscles
• Restricts passage of most substances into brain

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Great job!

• Acetylcholine stimulates muscles to contract.
• Cholinesterase relaxes muscles.
• Astrocytes, circle capillaries in brain,
  restricts passage of most substances into brain.

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Nervous

• What makes up the central nervous system?
• Afferent cells and efferent cells
• Efferent cells and spinal cord
• Spinal cord and brain

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Genius!

• The central nervous system forms bridge between
  sensory and motor functions.
• It is made of the spinal cord and brain.

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Reproductive

• What is budding?
• Individual grows out from body of original
• Breaking of body into several pieces
• Regrowth of body or body tissue

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Correct!

• Budding is when an individual grows out from body
  of the original individual.
• Breaking of the body into several pieces is
  fragmentation.
• Regrowth of body or body tissue is regeneration.

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Reproductive

• Egg development without being fertilized is?
• Hermaphrodite
• Parthenogenesis
• Viviparity

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Your Right!

• Parthenogenesis egg development without being
  fertilized ex. daphnia, ants, bees, wasp
• Hermaphrodites have both male and female
  reproductive parts
• Viviparity the young develop in the uterus

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Reproductive

• Where is the site of the sperm development?
• Prostate gland
• Vas deferens
• testes

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Way to go!

• Testes are the site of the sperm development.
• Prostate gland increases ph of sperm, activates
  and protects sperm.
• Vas deferens tube for sperm transport.

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Reproductive

• What is the ovary?
• Egg development site
• Ring of firm tissue surrounding uterine opening
• Muscular tube used to receive penis and act as
  birth passage

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Super!

• The ovary is the site of egg development.
• The ring of firm tissue surrounding uterine
  opening is the cervix.
• The vagina is the muscular tube used to receive
  penis and act as birth passage.

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Reproductive

• Which of these is not a mammal?
• Monotremes
• Oviparous
• Marsupials

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Great job!

• Oviparous is to lay eggs, both internally and
  externally like birds, fish, reptiles, and
  amphibians.
• Monotremes lay eggs but have fur and produce
  milk, platypus and echidna.
• marsupials have young in uterus but the young
  crawl into a pouch on the mother
  examples-kangaroo and opossum.

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Credit
Thanks to the following Microsoft
PowerPoint Microsoft ClipArt Mrs. Young Mrs.
Davidson http//www.nationalgeographic.com/ngkids/
9608/jellyfish/index.html