Commercial Shipping M10

1
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Learning objectives
• Understand port development
• Describe the functions of ports
• Understand the relationships between ships and
  ports
• Describe the different types of terminals

2
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Main topics
• Port development
• Port functions
• Port size
• Ports and ships
• Ship size
• Trends in shipping and their impacts on ports

3
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Port development
• The impact of containerisation from the late
  1960s onwards
• The impact of huge increases in the movement of
  raw materials in bulk from the mid-1960s
• The even-increasing size of vessels to take
  economies of scale
• Hub-and-spoke system
• specialisation

4
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Port
• development

5
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Port functions
• Civil engineering features
• sea and land access
• infrastructures for ships berthing
• road and rail network
• industrial area management

6
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Administrative functions
• control of vehicles, of all modes, entering and
  leaving the port
• environmental control
• control of dangerous cargo
• safety and security within the port area
• immigration, health, Customs and commercial
  documentary control
• Operational functions
• pilotage, tugging and mooring activities
• use of berths, sheds, etc
• loading, discharging, storage and distribution of
  cargo

7
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Port size
• All ports can be effective for the shipping for
  which they are designed and are maintained to
  handle. Differences in port sizes must be
  realistically determined.
• From a national point of view, ports capacities
  should be sufficient to accommodate all of that
  nations trading traffic, allowing for peaks and
  lows.
• Consideration of geographical situations in the
  placing of ports with regards to sizes and
  facilities.

8
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Ships and ports
• Do ship designs affect port facilities or vice
  versa?
• If ships are dominant, port planning must be
  based on reliable assessments of future
  technological developments in shipping.
• If ports are dominant, then port planning is
  independent of external shipping decisions and
  can to some extent affect these decisions.
• The dimensions of the ship length, width and
  draft determine the necessary depth, width, and
  turning radius of the approaches to the port as
  well as the depth along quays, width and depth of
  basins, and, to some extent, anchorage.
• Carrying capacity vs. Handling capacity

9
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Ship size

10
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Containerships

11
Commercial Shipping (M10)

• Trends in shipping and their impacts on ports
• Ship size
• Containerisation
• Specialisation
• Consolidation of shipping routes and lines