POS 316416 Latin American Politics 10302006

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POS 316/416 Latin American Politics 10/30/2006

• Course status.
• Midterm Exam returned at the end of class.
• Paper Assignment 2.
• Discuss in class, due next class (11/06).
• Lecture/discussion.
• Elections 2006.
• Oaxaca 2006 Limits of Democracy.
• Mexican government seizes control of Oaxaca.
• Up to 7 demonstrators killed.
• Including one American journalist.
• Presentation.
• Institutions of Governance.
• Fujimori interview re democracy and emergency
  rule.
• US Influence.
• Addicted to Failure? State failure, rebellion,
  and narcotics.
• Video FARC, Colobia.

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• Indigenous Mobilization
• Vanden and Prevost, et. al re indigenous rights.
• Contemporary Context.
• Minorities at Risk Dataset.
• LANIC Indigenous Rights Index.
• Democratization/Liberalization.
• Cold War/post Cold-War.
• Globalization.

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• Democratization and Conflict Global and
  Regional (Latin America).
• Marshall, Monty G. and Ted Robert Gurr. Peace and
  Conflict 2005 A Global Survey of Armed
  Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and
  Democracy.

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• Global Patterns of Democratization and Regime
  Transition Marshall/Jaggers 2005 - Polity IV
  Country Reports 2003.

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• Global Patterns of Democratization and Regime
  Transition Marshall/Jaggers 2005 - Polity IV
  Country Reports 2003.

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• Global Patterns of Democratization and Regime
  Transition Marshall/Jaggers 2005 - Polity IV
  Country Reports 2003.

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• Global Patterns of Democratization and Regime
  Transition Marshall/Jaggers 2005 - Polity IV
  Country Reports 2003.
• Diffusion of Democratization.
• University of Colorado/NSF. The Spatial and
  Temporal Diffusion of Democracy, 1815-1995.
• Movie of diffusion 1946-1995.

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• Smith Chapter 2.

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• Smith Chapter 2.

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• Equity Class Structure.

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• Equity Class Structure.

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• Landman, Chapter 5e.

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• Income Inequality.
• Global Patterns.
• UN Human Development Report.
• HDR Data in Flash Animation.
• Gini Index Country Rankings.
• Regional Patterns.
• UN Human Development Index.
• HDR 2005 Data Flash (Section 6 Slide 10).

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• Smith Chapter 7

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• Smith Chapter 7

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• Smith Chapter 7

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• Smith Chapter 7

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• Smith Chapter 7

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• Smith Chapter 5-6.
• Chapter 5.
• Parliamentary vs. Presidential systems.
• Why opting for presidential systems?
• Semipresidential/semiparliamentarian.
• Brazil, Argentina, Chile cases.
• Chapter 6.
• Varieties of presidentialism.
• Golpes de estado vs. prohibition on re-election.
• Bases of support.
• Partisan/constitutional.
• Toppling presidents.
• Discouraging insitutionalism of parties.

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• Smith Chapter 8

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• Smith Chapter 8

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• How does Fujimori come across on video?
• Video 1 Charlie Rose interview with Fujimori
  1997.
• Perception of need for strong ruler and
  willingness to overlook niceties of democratic
  process (example of delegative democracies).
• Prediction of own future?
• Status of Fujimori today (October 2004)?
• Fujimori in exile in Japan since November 2000.
• Peru seeks extradition for murder, corruption
  charges.

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• Vanden and Prevost
• Chapter 8 Politics, Power, Institutions and
  Actors
• Domination of Latin American Politics by
  politicos powerful elite actors.
• Key Institutions of Power Dictators,
  Oligarchies, Military juntas, mass mobilization
  organizations.
• 200 extraconstitutional seizures of power.
• Complexification w/ Building of State Capacity.
• Acquisition/Seizure of State Power now Key Arena
  of Conflict.
• Absolutist vs. Liberal Thought.
• Influence of Absolutist rule of Spain and
  Portugal

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• Colonial Political Structures
• Authoritarian.
• Personalistic, concentrated power.
• Little Democratic Experience.
• Constitutional Structures
• Based on US, France, liberal Spanish
  Constitution.
• Legacy of Authoritarian/Absolutist Rule grafted
  onto democratic Constitutions.
• Hybrid Polities.
• Alternation between Authoritarian/Democratic
  Orientations.
• Revision to Authoritarianism Possible - Third
  Wave of Democratization not Permanent?

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• Constitutional Structures.
• Distinct from Anglo-American constitutional
  structure.
• Not Strict basis for Rule of Law.
• Presidential/Executive Power More Important.
• Ideal to Strive For Subordination of Law to
  Executive fiat.
• Democratization leading to More Assertive Courts
• Examples Pinochet, Fujimori.
• Three Branches
• Legislative, Executive, Judicial.
• Not Co-Equal Executive most Powerful.

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• Importance of State of Emergency Laws.
• Estado de sitio.
• Often invoked as temporary measure but becomes
  permanent.
• Based on Code Law .
• Continental - Roman, Napoleonic, Catholic
  traditions.
• Very distinct from Social Contract.
• Corporatism.
• Individual and Group Rights

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• Presidency/Executive Power.
• Single Most Distinctive Feature Powerful
  Executive.
• Multiple Roles of Executive.
• Presidents assume dictatorial power.
• Continualismo.
• President as national caudillo.
• Legislature.
• Subservient to Executive Power.
• Bicameral (Deputies/Reps. And Senate).
• Central America Unicameral.
• More assertive during current wave of
  democratization.

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• Electoral Tribunals.
• Separate Set of Institutions to monitor
  elections.
• Example Mexico.
• US Similar Institution - FEC.
• Bureaucracy.
• Administrative Sector.
• Poorly Paid but larger role of state makes
  important.
• La Mordida corruption.

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• New Directions
• Democratic Transitions and Authoritarian Legacy.
• Mexico and the PRI as example of continual
  reversion to authoritarian patterns of rule.
• Waves of Democratization.
• 1950s Belief in Permanence of Democratization.
• Collapse during Phase III and Phase IV.
• Even States with Strong Tradition of Democratic
  Rule Experienced reversals.
• Chile, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela.

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• Wynia any individual or groups that tries to
  gain public office or influence those who do.
• General Types of Actors w/ unique configurations
  of power and relations.
• Variables in Group Power
• Region, Social Class, Ethnicity.
• History of Inclusion/Exclusion from Political
  Institutions.
• Resources
• Numbers, Organization, Wealth - Economic Sector,
  Violence.

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• Power Gradually Diminishes from Colonial through
  Industrial Period.
• Complexification of Polities.
• Revolutions.
• Commercial Farmers.
• Still Very Powerful in Some Polities
• Brazil.
• El Salvador.

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• Business and Industrial Elites.
• Turning Point Crisis Phase III to Phase IV.
• Great Depression.
• World War II.
• Factions w/n Industrial Elites.
• Primary Goods and Imports.
• Internal Industry.
• Allied with foreign controlled MNCs.
• Embrace of Neo-Liberalism.

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• Middle/Intermediate Sector.
• Different from North American Middle Class.
• Professionals and Government (esp. Middle Level).
• Not one unified bloc.
• Not uniform in Support for Democracy.
• Linked to PRI and Military Regimes.

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• Organized Labor.
• Organization begins 1890s.
• Faces Repression along time-line similar to
  United States.
• Wave of Organization in 1930s little government
  recognition.
• Exceptions.
• Mexico Cardenas and PRI.
• Argentina Peronists.
• Economic Influence through Strategic Industries.

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• Rural Poor.
• Campesino.
• Rural Labor.
• Colonos.
• Rural Wage Laborer.
• Minifundistas/Microfundistas.

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• Military.
• Heavy Military Involvement especially following
  Crisis of Phase III - Phase IV.
• United States Heavy Supporter of Militaries.
• Primary Role of Militaries is Maintenance of
  Internal Order.
• What is unique is not power, but willingness to
  challenge civilian supremacy.
• Why
• Class Orientation of Military Elites National
  Security Doctrine and Military Socialization.

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• Government Bureaucrats.
• Separate and Distinct Set of Actors.
• Considerable power due to massive state
  intervention.
• Chavez Venezuela government w/n government.
• Technocratic Elite tecnicos Mexican Presidents as
  Example.
• Interests
• Desire for Influence over policy autonomy
  privileges.
• Political Elites rely on Bureaucrats for
  implementation of power.

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• Political Parties.
• Functions according to McDonald.
• Recruitment, Communication, Social Control,
  Government Organization/Policy Making.
• Conspirators (extraparlimentary tactics).
• Political Monopoly.
• PRI, Cuban Communist Party.
• Traditional Parties.
• Liberal/Conservative Split.
• Populist Parties
• Brazil (Vargas) and Argentina (Peron).

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• Political Parties.
• Populist Parties.
• Estado Novo in Brazil.
• Peronism.
• Labor Linkages.
• Reform Parties.
• Secular and Religious.
• APRA (Peru), Christian Democrats.
• Left Reform Parties.
• PT in Brazil.

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• Political Parties.
• Reform Parties.
• Revolutionary Parties.
• Marxist Leninist Parties/Socialist Parties.
• Cuban Communist Party, FSLN, FMLN, FARC.
• Non-Marxist revolutionary Party PRI.
• Common Characteristics.
• Elitism, Factionalism, Personalism,
  Organizational Weakness, Heterogeneous Base.

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• Mass Organizations/Political Movements.
• Indigenous Groups.
• Womens Organizations.
• Squatters/Landless Mobilization.
• NGOs/Civil Society.
• Human Rights Organizations.
• International Solidarity Organizations.
• Religious Organizations, especially Liberation
  Theology.

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• US Influence Narcotics Trafficking, War On Drugs.
• Video 2 FARC.
• UN.
• Office on Drugs and Crime.
• OAS
• Inter American Drug Abuse Control Commission.
• United States.
• DEA.
• Narco-Terrorism Website.
• Department of State.
• Plan Colombia.
• Dept. of Treasury
• FINCEN.
• State Failure Project

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• State Failure1.

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• State Failure2.

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• State Failure3.

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• Narcotics Trafficking1.

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• Narcotics Trafficking2.

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• Narcotics Trafficking3.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Narcotics Trafficking.

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• Midterm Exam Grading Scale.

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• Next Week (11/06/2006).
• Paper assignment due.
• Review paper assignment requirements.
• Incorporate revisions/edits indicated on returned
  copies of assignment 1.
• Acquire new sources.
• Indicate citation style.