CM99.3 Network

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CM99.3 Network ???

• 28th June 2003

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Collision Domain ???
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Cabling Standard

• EIA/TIA 568A Standard
• EIA/TIA 568B Standard

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5-4-3 ??

• 5 Segments ??
• 4 repeaters
• 3 populated segments

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The Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
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Agenda

• Review of last lecture
• General Mode of Communication
• The OSI Reference Model
• Comparison of the OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
• Review

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General Model of Communication
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Using layers to analyze problems in a flow of
materials
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Source, destination, and data packets
Destination ???
Source ??
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Media
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10 Base2 50 Ohm Coax Cable
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10Base5 Thicknet Cable
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Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
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Protocol ??

• What is a Protocol
• Meeting Protocol
• Driving Protocol
• Talking over the phone

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Communication Protocol

• A set of rules that defines
• Format
• How data is transmitted

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The evolution of ISO networking standards 

• Introduction of IBM PC in early 1980s
• Number of PC increased
• The need of LAN
• Different vendors, different technologies
• The need to have a hetrogenous LAN
• International Organization for Standards??????
  (ISO) researched DECNet, SNA TCP/IP and came up
  with OSI Reference Model in 1984

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The purpose of the OSI reference model

• Reduces complexity???
• Standardizes interfaces?????
• Facilitates modular engineering??????
• Ensures interoperable technology
• Accelerates evolution????
• Simplifies teaching and learning????

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The seven layers of the OSI reference model ????
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The OSI Reference Model OSI ????
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
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A Simple Way to Memorize the 7 Layers
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The seven layers of the OSI reference model
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The functions of each layer
Network Processes to Applications
Data Representation
Interhost Communication
End-to-end Connections
Address and Best Path
Access to Media
Binary Transmission
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Encapsulation??
Data
Segment
Packets
Frames
Bits
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Names for data at each layer of the OSI model 
A ??
B ??
Data ??
Segment
Packet
Frames
Bits
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Comparison of the OSI Model and the TCP/IP Model
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The TCP/IP reference model

• TCP/IP is a collective name for a protocol stack,
  not just a single protocol
• TCP/IP the most widely used in the world
• Why TCP/IP is so important
• Internet is based on TCP/IP

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The layers of the TCP/IP reference model
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TCP/IP protocol graph???
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Comparison of the OSI model and the TCP/IP model
Application Layers ???
Protocols ??
Data Flow Layers ????
Networks ??
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CCNA Focus ????
FTP, TFTP, HTTP, SMTP, DNS, TELNET, SNMP
Very little focus ????
TCP (the Internet)
IP (the Internet)
Ethernet (common LAN technology)
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Summary

• OSI Reference Model
• Seven Layers
• Physical
• Data Link
• Network
• Transport
• Session
• Presentation
• Application

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Summary

• Purpose of developing OSI Model
• Reduces complexity
• Standardizes interfaces
• Facilitates modular engineering
• Ensures interoperable technology
• Accelerates evolution
• Simplifies teaching and learning

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Summary
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Seven layers of OSI Model and their functions
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Protocols

• TCP/IP
• IPX/SPX
• NetBEUI
• AppleTalk

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Define the purpose, functions
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IP
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TCP
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UDP
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FTP
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TFTP
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SMTP
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HTTP
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HTTPS
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POP3/IMAp4
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TELNET
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ICMP
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ARP
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NTP
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TCP/UDP ports
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Well Known ports
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DHCP/bootp
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DNS
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NAT/ICS
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WINS
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SNMP
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Public Network
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Private Network
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WAN Technologies
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Packet switching
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Circuit Switching
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ISDN
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FDDI
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ATM
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Frame Relay
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Sonet/SDH
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T1/E1
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T3/E3
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Ocx
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Remote Access Protocol

• RAS
• PPP
• PPTP
• ICA

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Security protocols

• IPsec
• L2TP
• SSL
• Kerberos

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Domain 3
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• UNIX/Linux
• Netware
• Windows
• Macintosh

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VLAN
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Network Attached Storage
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Fault Tolerance
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Disaster Recovery
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Firewall
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Proxy
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Domain 4
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Tracert
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Ping
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ARP
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NETSTAT
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NBSTAT
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Ipconfig/lfconfig
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Winipcfg
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nslookup
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End