Computer Networking Appendix C Objectives

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Computer Networking (Appendix C) Objectives

• Understand networking fundamentals
• Understand network services and transmission
  media
• Understand network software and hardware

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Networking Fundamentals

• Network consists of
• Servers provides services
• Clients requests services
• Peers both requests and provides services
• Types of networks
• Server-centric networks
• Peer-to-peer networks

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Networking Fundamentals

• Network Services
• File services
• Print services
• Message services
• Applications services

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Networking Fundamentals

• Network Operating System (NOS)
• Two parts
• System software that runs on the server
• Client software on each workstation
• Examples
• Banyan Vines
• Novell NetWare
• Microsoft LAN Manager
• LANtastic

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Networking Fundamentals

• Transmission Media
• The pathway to send data and information between
  two or more entities on a network
• Bandwidth transmission capacity
• Attenuation weakening of a signal over distance
• EMI electromagnetic interference

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Networking Fundamentals

• Cable Media
• Twisted pair cable
• Coaxial cable (coax)
• Fiber-optic cable

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Networking Fundamentals

• Wireless Media
• Infrared line of sight
• High-frequency radio
• Pager one way wireless
• Cellular phone two way wireless
• Wireless LANs
• Microwave
• Terrestrial
• Satellite

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Network Software and Hardware

• Media access control
• Rules that govern how a workstation gains access
  to the network
• Distributed access control
• Token passing
• Random access control
• Listens for network traffic

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Network Software and Hardware

• Network topologies
• Star network
• Ring network
• Bus network

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A star network topology

• Use This topology is useful for applications
  where processing must be centralized and some can
  be performed locally.
• Advantages
• Easy to lay out and modify.
• It is easy to diagnose problems at individual
  workstations.
• Problems
• Costly, it requires the largest amount if
  cabling.
• Since all communication pass through the central
  computer, the communications in the network will
  stop if the host/hub computer stops functioning.

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A ring network topology

• Use This topology is useful in LANs.
• Advantages
• It does not rely on central host.
• The connecting wire, cable, or optical fiber
  forms a closed loop. Data are passed along the
  ring from one computer to another and always flow
  in one direction. The message is regenerated and
  passed to the next computer if it is not for the
  previous computer. This regeneration process
  enables ring networks to cover much larger
  distances than star or bus networks.
• Disadvantages
• A failure of any node on the ring network can
  cause complete network failure.
• It is difficult to modify and reconfigure the
  network.

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A bus network topology

• Use This topology is useful in LANs.
• Advantages
• It does not rely on central host.
• This network can still function if one of the
  computers malfunctions.
• Other advantages easy to wire, quick response,
  less expensive.
• Disadvantages
• The main disadvantage is bad connection to the
  cable can bring down the entire network. Another
  problem collision occurs when 2 nodes send
  messages simultaneously.

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Network Software and Hardware

• Protocols Set of rules ( format of transmitting
  data, error checking method, data compression
  technique)
• OSI model open systems interconnection
• Ethernet
• TCP/IP

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OSI RM
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OSI RM
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Network Software and Hardware

• Connectivity hardware
• Transmission Media Connectors T-connector for
  coax cable and RJ-45 connectors for twisted pair
• Network interface card (NIC)
• Modems
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Bridges
• Multiplexers
• Routers
• Brouters
• Channel service units (CSU) buffer between a LAN
  and a WAN
• Gateway

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