Bioinformatics History

1
Bioinformatics History

• Jens Lichtenberg

2
Outline

• 17th Century
• 19th Century
• 20th Century
• 21st Century

3
17th Century

• Micrographia Cellular structure of cork.
• Organic origin of fossils
• Discovery of bacteria
• 1686 Historia Plantarum, first definition of
  species based upon common decent

4
19th Century

• 1843 Distinction of homology and analogy
  (Richard Owen)
• 1864 Essential elements of modern zoology
  classification (Haeckel)
• 1865 Theory of genetic inheritance (Mendel)

5
20th Century

• 1902 Chromosome theory of heredity (Sutton and
  Boveri)
• 1905 Word genetics is coined (Bateson)
• First linkage map (Sturtevant)
• 1930 Electrophoresis for separating proteins in
  solution (Tiselius)
• 1946 Genetically material can be transferred
  between bacterial cells (Lederberg)

6
20th Century

• 1952 DNA alone carries genetic information
  (Hershey and Chase)
• 1961 mRNA (Brenner)
• 1962 Molecular evolution (Pauling)
• Atlas of protein sequences (Dayhoff)
• Needleman-Wunsch algorithm
• 1977 DNA sequencing and analyzing software

7
20th Century

• Smith-Waterman algorithm
• 1981 Sequence motif (Doolittle)
• 1982 GenBank R3 published
• 1982 Phaga lambda genome sequenced
• Sequence database searching algorithm
  (Wilbur-Lipman)
• 1985 FASTP/FASTN fast sequence similarity
  searching

8
20th Century

• 1988 National Center for Biotechnology
  Information created at NIH/NLM
• 1988 EMBnet network for database distribution
• 1990 BLAST fast sequencing similarity searching
• 1991 EST expressed sequence tag sequencing

9
20th Century

• 1993 Sanger Centre, UK
• 1994 EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
• 1995 First bacterial genomes sequenced
• 1996 Yeast genome completely sequenced
• 1997 PSI-BLAST

10
20th Century

• 1998 Worm (multicellular) genome completely
  sequenced
• 1999 Fly genome completely sequenced

11
21st Century

• 2000 Large-scale organization of metabolic
  networks (Jeong)
• 2000 Genome for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pubished
• 2000 A. thaliana genome published