Confined Space Entry Training Session

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Confined Space EntryTraining Session
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Introduction

• Working in confined spaces can involve hazards
  that typically wouldnt exist in other
  situations
• Hazards frequently arent dealt with because
  there have never been any problems before.

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Purpose

• UWSP has a written confined space entry program
  to guide work in confined spaces for use by all
  departments.http//www.uwsp.edu/ehs/

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Objective

• To provide an introduction to the hazards,
  protective measures, equipment, procedures and
  duties associated with CSE.

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Training Topics

• Personal and topic introduction
• Training requirements
• Definition of terms
• Confined space hazards
• Videos
• Confined space categories
• Assessing confined spaces
• Marking confined spaces

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Training Topics (cont.)

• Written procedures
• Using the permit system
• Preparing a space for entry
• Testing the air in a confined space
• Using ventilation equipment
• CSE duties
• Rescue procedures
• Coordinating working with contractors
• Auditing the program

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Confined Space Statistics

• 65 of all fatalities were due to air quality
  problems
• 100 of fatalities at 139 sites in 17 states in a
  2-yr. period had one thing in common--no detector
  instruments or powered ventilation
• 29 of all people who died were supervisors
• 60 of all who die are rescuers
• 25 died in spaces ready to kill

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Training

• Who needs it?
• Why do you need it?
• When do you need it?
• Frequency?

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Key Definitions

• Confined space
• Permit-required confined space
• Non-permit confined space
• Hazardous atmosphere
• Entry
• Emergency
• IDLH (e.g. CO 1200, H2S 100 ppm)

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Potential CS Hazards

• Engulfment
• shifting liquid or solid substance that traps
  employee
• Configuration
• Walls or floor which slope downward or taper in
  can trap an employee
• Physical Hazards
• Contact with mechanical or electrical equipment,
  steam or other sources of heat, moving parts,
  energy.

• Oxygen Hazards
• too much or too little
• Toxic Hazards
• gases, vapors or fumes (examples hydrogen
  sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide)
• Flammable or Explosive Hazards
• vapors or dusts in concentrations large enough to
  ignite

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Hazardous atmosphere

• Hazardous atmosphere
• (1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10
  percent of its lower flammable limit
• (2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration
  that meets or exceeds its LFL
• NOTE This concentration may be approximated as a
  condition in which the dust obscures vision at a
  distance of 5 feet (1.52 m) or less.
• (3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5
  percent or above 23.5 percent
• (4) Concentration of a substance capable of
  causing death, incapacitation, impairment of
  ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness
  in excess of its PEL or other known safe level.
  (5) Any other atmospheric condition that is
  immediately dangerous to life or health.

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How do AtmosphericHazards Occur?

• Previously stored chemicals/products
• Leaks/spills
• Infiltration
• Chemical reactions
• Operations conducted within the space
• Inerting with nonflammable products
• Pneumatic tools
• Employees are not to enter spaces with any
  hazardous atmospheres.

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What is Air?
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Flammable (p. 9)

• UEL Upper Explosive Limit
• LEL Lower Explosive Limit
• ALARM at 10 LEL

Example Gasoline
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Methane (CH4)

• Natural gas, swamp gas.
• Due to gas leak or organic decay
• Colorless/odorless flammable gas, or scented
• LEL 5 UEL 15

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• Colorless, odorless gas
• Slightly lighter than air
• Chemical asphyxiant/Flammable. Deadly!
• Primary source incomplete combustion of organic
  material
• Gasoline-fueled combustion engines
• Signs/Symptoms Confusion. Dizziness. Headache.
  Nausea. Unconsciousness. Weakness.
• IDLH 1200 ppm. 8-Hour PEL 50 ppm
• CO Alarm point 35 ppm

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

• Sewer gas, stink gas (rotten eggs)
• Odor threshold 0.02-0.2 ppm
• Colorless, flammable gas. Strong odor BUT
  Fatigues your senses.
• Deadly! Very high concentrations lead to
  cardiorespiratory arrest because of brainstem
  toxicity. Affect nervous system.
• Heavier than air
• IDLH H2S 100 ppm
• 8 hr. PEL 10 PPM
• Alarm Point 10 ppm

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Other Chemical Hazards

• Chemical contamination of surfaces
• Routes of entry (skin absorption, eye contact,
  ingestion, injection)
• Types of effects (irritation, chemical burns,
  systemic toxicity)

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Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Slips, trips, and falls
• Augers, turbines, blades, pumps
• Falling objects and materials
• Drowning or engulfment
• Converging sections

• Fire/explosion
• Noise
• Heat
• Psychological

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Engulfment
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Configuration
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Other Hazards
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Other Hazards
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Identification, Assessment and Classification

• Confined space inventory
• Hazard assessments and control
• Confined space classification
• Follow-up

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Confined Space Categories

• Non-permit spaces
• Permit-required spaces
• Permit-required spaces that can be reclassified
  to non-permit

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Reclassifying Permit Spaces

• Eliminate all serious safety hazards prior to
  entry
• Eliminate all actual and potential air hazards
  prior to entry, (Note simply controlling air
  hazards ((i.e. ventilation)) is not sufficient)
• Hazards must remain eliminated
• Complete and post reclassification portion of
  permit.

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Permit Space Identification

• Permit entry confined spaces need to be
  identified, usually by signs.
• Confined spaces that will not be entered must
  also be posted.

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Written Procedures

• For each permit space, a written procedure must
  be in place to identify hazards and how to enter
  safely
• Completed procedures will be used with the permit
  or reclassification certificate. Post both at
  entry point.

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Permits

• A permit must be prepared and all specified
  conditions satisfied before entering a permit
  space
• Permit content
• Permit duration
• Entry supervisor duties
• Documentation

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Space Preparation - Decontamination

• Make the space as clean as possible prior
  to entry. The goal is to minimize the
  need for PPE.
• If the purpose of the entry is to clean
  the space, take whatever measures
  available to minimize hazards and
  need for PPE.

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Space Preparation - Lockout / Tagout

• Before entry, the space must be in a zero energy
  state. Anyone using lockout must be trained at
  the authorized level.

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Space Preparation - Misc. Physical Hazards

• Temperature Extremes
• Noise
• Slipping Hazards
• Falling Objects
• Engulfment
• Etc..

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Air Testing and Evaluation

• Air inside a permit-required space must be tested
  and evaluated before entry
• Air will be classified as safe or hazardous.
  
• Entry into a hazardous atmosphere requires
  approval of at least a general supervisor, the
  facility safety coordinator and entry supervisor
• Oxygen
• Toxic atmospheres
• Flammable atmospheresNO ENTRY!

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Procedures For Testing

• If possible, test from outside. Test top,
  middle, and bottom. Stratification.
• Test entire portion of space
• Test before ventilating to establish baseline.
• Test while ventilating to ensure contaminants
  have been removed and system itself is not
  causing a hazard.

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Procedures For Testing (cont..)

• Retest whenever there is a change in work or
  conditions. At a minimum, retest
• At the start of each permit period
• The start of each workshift
• Whenever the space and immediate area have been
  left unattended for gt 5 minutes.
• When there is a change in personnel.

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Procedures For Testing (cont.)

• Continuous monitoring required whenever there is
  potential for hazardous atmosphere
• Work being done may affect air quality
• Exhaust ventilation is being used to control a
  hazardous atmosphere
• Air quality could change based on nature of
  confined space (e.g.., sewer)
• Monitors must be explosion proof and equipped
  with an alarm.
• EHS recommends continuous monitoring even when
  not required.

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Ventilation

• Forced ventilation is required when
• Testing indicates a hazardous atmosphere out
  of acceptable range
• Theres a potential for atmospheric conditions
  to move out of acceptable range
• The work can cause a hazardous atmosphere, such
  as welding, cutting, painting, chemical
  cleaning, etc....

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Ventilators/Blowers

• Push clean air in
• If using a portable generator to power blower,
  make sure exhaust from generator is positioned
  downward from the confined space
• If using an extension cord, use GFCI cord
• Do not use blowers in enclosed spaces where
  damaged asbestos exists

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Performance RequirementsFor Ventilation

• Ventilation may include blowers, fans or other
  air movers
• Selection of system will depend on the space
  size, the gases, vapors, or dusts to be
  exhausted, and the source of make up air
• Blowing fresh air into a space usually works
  best.

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Performance RequirementsFor Ventilation (Cont.)

• Dont allow discharged air to be re-circulated
  into the space
• Ventilation controls must be located a safe
  distance from the space
• For potentially explosive or combustible
  atmospheres, the system must be explosion proof
• Ventilation system should provide an audible
  warning to signal a failure.

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CSE Duties

• Permit space entrants
• Permit space attendants
• Permit space entry supervisors
• Permit space rescue team

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Recognizing Signs and Symptoms

• Shallow rapid breathing
• Vision blurred, seeing spots, blackouts
• Exaggerated sense of feeling good
• Disorientation
• Profuse sweating
• Ringing in the ears
• Smell of solvents, gases, vapors, etc...

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Signs and Symptoms (cont.)

• Lips have slippery sweet taste
• Dryness of the throat
• Chest pains
• Change in heart rate
• Sudden skin irritation
• Loss of manual dexterity/coordination
• Weakness in the knees

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PPE

• See Permit listing.
• Required PPE will vary with the job being
  performed.

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Equipment Requirements

• Equipment needed should be selected on a case by
  case basis
• Written procedures will identify minimum
  equipment requirements
• The permit includes a checklist for equipment
• Equipment training session goes into detail

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Safety Equipment

• You must receive hands-on training in use of
  equipment

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RESCUE

• To facilitate non-entry rescue, retrieval systems
  or methods shall be used whenever an authorized
  entrant enters a permit space, unless the
  retrieval equipment would increase the overall
  risk of entry or would not contribute to the
  rescue of the entrant.

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RESCUE

• When appropriate, authorized entrants who enter a
  permit space must wear a chest or full body
  harness with a retrieval line attached to the
  center of their backs near shoulder level, or
  above their heads. The other end of the retrieval
  line is to be attached to a mechanical device or
  to a fixed point outside the permit space. A
  mechanical device must be available to retrieve
  personnel from vertical type permit spaces more
  than 5 feet deep.

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Safety Equipment

• Body Harness
• Straps which may be secured about an employee in
  a manner that will distribute the fall arrest
  forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist,
  chest and shoulders with means for attaching it
  to other components of a personal fall arrest
  system

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Safety Equipment

• Adjusting harness
• Your harness must fit and be adjusted correctly
  in order to work comfortably

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Safety Equipment

• Lanyard
• A flexible line used to secure a body belt or
  body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point
  of anchorage.

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Safety Equipment

• Connector
• A device used to couple (connect) parts of the
  personal fall arrest system, such as a carabiner,
  or it may be an integral component of part of the
  system (such as a buckle or D-ring sewn into a
  body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced
  or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.)

Carabiners
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Safety Equipment

• Lifeline
• A line provided for direct or indirect
  attachment to a workers body belt, body harness,
  lanyard or deceleration device. Such lifelines
  may be horizontal or vertical in application

Retractable life lines
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Inspection and Calibration

• All equipment must be cleaned, inspected,
  repaired and stored to keep it in a safe
  serviceable condition.
• Equipment must be inspected and determined fit
  for use at the beginning of each job.

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Rescue ProceduresPermit Spaces

• Prior notification of job must be provided to the
  Stevens Point Fire Department (SPFD) by calling
  them with the location of the entry and estimated
  duration. 344-1833.
• Rescue services for permit spaces is provided by
  SPFD.
• Dedicated equipment.
• Coordination with other emergency services.
• Non-Entry or non-permit space rescue may be
  performed by UWSP personnel.

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RESCUE - MSDS

• In addition, if an injured entrant is exposed to
  a substance for which a Material Safety Data
  Sheet (MSDS) or other similar written information
  is required to be kept at the worksite, that MSDS
  or other written information must be made
  available to the medical facility treating the
  exposed entrant.

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Contractors

• For a permit space, inform them
• What is known about the space and associated
  hazards
• Of any special procedures or precautions
• Of rescue procedures, and
• Make it clear they are responsible for
  assessment and necessary precautions
• Hold debriefing at end of operations
• Dont loan equipment unless authorized.
• Provide program only when asked.
• They must follow legal CSE standards.

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Contractors

• When UWSP employees will be working with a
  contractor in a permit space
• Hold a meeting to plan the entry.
• Establish uniform and understood entry procedures
  to minimize hazards following all requirements.

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Audits

• Reviewed and updated as needed to keep it current
  and accurate
• At least once/year using canceled permits or if
  other problems arise.
• Jobs audited on a periodic, ongoing basis to
  ensure correct procedures are being followed

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Questions??

• If you saw someone in a confined space would you
  enter to rescue them?
• What percentage of would-be rescuers die in
  confined space rescue attempts?
• Can conditions inside a confined space change
  after a job begins?
• Who would we call for CS rescue?

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Summary

• Other Questions.
• EHS available to assist in specific department
  training/procedures as needed.
• Contact Jeff Karcher at 2320 for assistance or
  additional questions.