SHIPPING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

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SHIPPING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

• A Training Course in 49CFR
• Updated 6/99

Prokopis A. Christou, P.E. pcjr101_at_yahoo.com www.h
azmat101.com
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Course Objectives

• Provides a review of U.S. DOT Hazardous Materials
  Regulations
• Forms part of recurrent training as required by
  49CFR

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Hazardous Materials Regulations

• Hazardous materials are regulated in order to
• Prevent accidents, leaks and spills
• Help emergency responders
• Ensure that HAZMAT employees are aware of the
  hazards of materials they handle

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What Are Hazardous Materials?

• HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are any substances or
  materials, including environmentally hazardous
  substances, which have been determined to be
  capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health,
  safety or property when transported in commerce,
  and have been so designated. (171.8)

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Laws Affect Transportation of Hazardous Materials

• Regulations
• US DOT Reg. 49 CFR ..........................All
  modes within the USA
• ICAO Technical Instructions ................Intern
  ational air transport
• IATA Dangerous Goods Reg................
  Commercial air transport
• IMDG Code ........................................
  ..International sea transport
• TDG Regulations Regulations .............Shipments
  to/from Canada
• Mexican DOT Regs. ...........................
  Shipments to/from Mexico

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The Hazardous Materials Regs

• The HMR of the Federal Hazardous Materials
  Transportation LAW (49 CFR) apply to
• Responsibilities for offering and accepting
  shipments
• Classification of hazardous materials
• Packaging standards
• Shipping papers
• Labels, marks and placards
• Emergency response requirements
• Training requirements
• Registration
• Segregation and modal requirements

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Penalties

• Civil Penalties
• Maximum fines up to 25,000 per day per
  violation. Updated for inflation
• Criminal Penalties
• Fines up to 500,000 per day per violation
• Up to five years in prison
• Injunctive Action
• Shipments stopped or seized

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Enforcement Authorities

• Research Special Programs Admin. (RSPA)
• Federal Highway Administrations (FHA)
• State DOT /State police
• Federal Railway Administration (FRA)
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
• U.S. Coast Guard

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Numbering Sections in 49 CFR
Part Section Paragraph Subparagraph
172. 500 (b) (1)
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Structure of HMR

• Part 171 Definitions
• Part 172 - Hazard Communication
• Part 172.101 - Hazardous Materials Table
• Part 173 - Classification and Packaging
• Part 174, 175, 176 177 - Modal Variations
• Part 178 - Standards for Non-Bulk Packaging
• Part 179 - Standards for Bulk Packaging (tank
  cars)
• Part 180 - Continuing qualification/maint.

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Administrative Requirements

• Registration for certain shippers and
  transporters
• Training of HAZMAT employees

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Training Requirements 172.704

• Train all HAZMAT employees to
• Understand the regulations
• Recognize and identify hazardous materials
• Know reg. requirements that apply to his/her job
• Be aware of relevant emergency response info.
• Types of Training General awareness, function
  specific, safety
• Safety/OSHA/EPA training
• Driver training (CDL)

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Administrative Requirements

• The HAZMAT employer must
• Train test employees
• Certify keep records
• Training Compliance Dates
• New employee - 90 days
• Job function changed - 90 days
• Update every 3 years

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Six Steps to Compliance

• 1. Classification - obtain shipping description
• 2. Packaging - selection and assembly
• 3. Marking of packages
• 4. Labeling of packages
• 5. Shipping papers emergency response info
• 6. Placarding marking of vehicles
• For NJ-review Steps 1, 5 and 6

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Step 1 of the Six Step Procedure

• Obtain shipping description (172.202)
• SHIP--The Basic Shipping Description consists of
  
• The Shipping Name
• The Hazard Classification
• The Identification Number (UN or NA)
• The Packing Group

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HM Table
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Packing Groups

• Packing Group I - Great danger
• Packing Group II - Moderate danger
• Packing Group III - Mild danger

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Hazard Classes/Divisions

• Class 1 - Explosives (173.50)
• Class 2 - Compressed gasses (173.115)
• Class 3 - Flammable liquids (173.120)
• Class 4 - Flammable solids (173.240)
• Class 5 - Oxidizers and organic Peroxides
  (173.127 128)
• Class 6 - Poisonous and infectious materials
  (173.132 134)
• Class 7 - Radioactives (173.403)
• Class 8 - Corrosive materials (173.136)
• Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
  (173.140)
• ORM - Other Regulated Material (173.144)
• Elevated Temperature (171.8)

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Multiple Hazards

• Some materials may have more than one hazard
• The first one is called the primary hazard
• Other hazards are called subsidiary hazards
• How do you determine primary hazard
• Precedence of Hazard Table (173.2a(b))
• HM Table

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Hazardous Substances

• Hazardous substances are materials that
• Are listed in Appendix A to Section 172.101 AND
• Are in a quantity in one package that equals or
  exceeds the listed Reportable Quantity (RQ)
• Example?

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Marine Pollutants

• Marine pollutants are defined as materials
  which
• Are listed in Appendix B to Table 172.101 AND
• Are packaged in a concentration greater than 10
  for marine pollutant or 1 for severe marine
  pollutants

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Using the HM Table (172.101)

• Shipping names
• Hazard classes
• Identification numbers
• Labeling requirements
• Special provisions
• Package specifications

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Shipping Name Procedures (I)

• Chemicals listed by name
• Chemicals not listed by name
• Generic names based on hazard
• Generic names based on chemical family
• Generic names based on usage
• Technical name rule for generic names
  (172.203(k)(3))

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Shipping Name Procedures (II)

• Hazardous Substances and Marine Pollutants, not
  meeting the definition of a DOT hazard class
• Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid,
  n.o.s.
• Environmentally hazardous substance, solid,
  n.o.s.
• Other regulated substance, liquid, n.o.s
• Other regulated substance, solid, n.o.s.

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Step 5 of the Six Step Procedure

• Completing the shipping paper for hazardous
  material shipments

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The Shipping Description

• S H I P -- The shipping paper must show the basic
  shipping description, consisting of
• Proper shipping name
• Hazard class and division (subsidiary is optional
  for domestic shipment)
• Identification number (UN or NA)
• Packing Group (I, II or III)
• PLUS more?
• The total quantity

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Additional Shipping Paper Requirements (I)

• DOT exemption number, if applicable
• Limited Quantity, if applicable
• RQ for hazardous substances
• Marine Pollutant
• Residue, last contained, if applicable
• Dangerous When Wet for Division 4.3
• 172.203

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Additional Shipping Paper Requirements (II)

• Technical name(s) in parentheses
• Poison Inhalation Hazard, if applicable
• Poison, if not otherwise indicated
• HOT for elevated temperature material
• Radioactives
• Special requirements for air, rail and water

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Shippers Certification

• This is to certify the above named materials are
  properly classified, described, packaged, marked
  and labeled, and are in proper condition for
  transportation according to the applicable
  regulations of the Department of Transport.
• 172.204

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Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Materials

• You can list hazardous and non-hazardous
  materials on the same shipping paper, if you do
  one of the following
• Enter all hazardous materials first
• Highlight hazardous materials
• Mark an X or RQ in column headed Hazardous
  Materials or HM

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Emergency Response Information

• Shippers use MSDS, ERG, forms. Information must
  include
• Basic Description of the hazardous material
• Immediate hazards to health
• Risks of fire or explosion
• Immediate precautions in case of an accident
• Procedures in case of fire
• Methods for handling spills and leaks
• Preliminary first aid
• 24-hour telephone number

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Review a sample shipping paper
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Step 6 of the Six Step Procedure

• Placarding vehicles and containers of hazardous
  materials (172.500)

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Background

• Placards, labels, identification numbers,
  markings, and shipping papers are hazard
  communicate hazard information.

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What is

• A label?
• A marking?
• A placard?
• An identification number?
• What is a primary hazard placard/label?
• Subsidiary hazard placard/label must not include
  class/division number on the bottom corner.

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What to placard?

• Table 1 - placard any quantity
• cannot use DANGEROUS placard
• Table 2 - Placard if total quantity 454 kg (1001
  pounds)
• DANGEROUS placard permitted for mixed load if lt
  1000 Kg (2205 lb) per class loaded at facility

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Identification Numbers and placement

• Bulk containers must display the identification
  number of their contents, either on the placard,
  or an orange panel beside the placard.
• Placards should be placed on each end and each
  side of motor vehicles or railroads.
• Cargo tanks and portable tanks less than 1000
  gallons require two placards on opposite sides of
  the tank

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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Exceptions may be allowed

• Small Quantities Exceptions (173.4)
• Materials of Trade (MOT) (173.6)
• Exceptions for various classes/div. (173.13 )
• Limited Quantity, ORM-D (column 8A)
• Agricultural operations (173.5)
• Government material (173.7)
• Placarding exceptions
• DOT Exemptions

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Summary

• UNDERSTAND the hazard of the materials you handle
• KNOW and FOLLOW all your HAZMAT
  responsibilities, as they apply to your job
• You must know the BASIC DESCRIPTION of a
  material to ship it properly
• If you have questions, ASK SOMEONE who knows.
  Consult regs, procedures, others