Chapter 17 Revolution, Reaction, and Cultural Response

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Chapter 17Revolution, Reaction, and Cultural
Response

• 1760-1830

2
An Age of Revolutions

• The Industrial Revolution
• The American Revolution
• The French Revolution

3
The Industrial Revolution

• Enclosure
• Substitution of machines for manual labor
• Replacement of animal and human power with new
  sources of energy
• Introduction of new raw materials
• The Working Class
• England

4
The American Revolution

• In 1774 the colonists convened a Continental
  Congress which spoke for the American people
  against Great Britain.
• In 1775 conflict began.
• Congress declared American goals in the
  Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
• The Revolution lasted until 1783 and resulted in
  victory and independence for the colonies.

5
The French Revolution

• A key event of modern times
• First phase lasted from 1789-1792. Dominated by
  middle classes, the Assembly approved The
  Declaration of the Rights of Man.
• The second phase lasted from September
  1792-August 1795.Dominated by leaders from the
  lower middle and working classes. Many reforms
  were put in place.
• The third phase, the Reign of Terror and the
  Directory was a revolutionary period.
• The fourth phase and the rise of Napoleon
  returned event to monarchy.
• An alliance of Great Britain and the European
  states defeated Napoleon in June 1815. Napoleon
  was exiled to an island in the South Atlantic and
  died there in 1821.

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Romanticism

• Rejection of Neoclassical ideals
• Nature becomes spiritual being
• Emphasis on feeling and emotion
• Imagination
• Anti Industrial Revolution
• Influence of French Revolution and ideals of
  liberty and equality
• Romantic nationalism
• Cult of nonconformity
• Individualism

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Romanticism in Germany

• Began as Sturm und Drang movement
• Goethes Sorrows of Young Werther
• Goethes Faust

8
Romanticism in Great Britain

• Blake- Songs of Innocence and Songs of
  Experience, prophetic books
• William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
  The Lyrical Ballads marked beginning of Romantic
  movement in England
• Byron the Byronic Hero
• Shelley Ode to the West Wind
• Mary Shelley Frankenstein
• Keats tragically shortened life

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The English Romantic Poets
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Romantic Painting

• First appeared in England
• Constable
• The pastoral
• Turner
• The sublime

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Constables Paintings
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Turners Paintings
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Caspar David Friedrich

• German painter
• Painted landscapes with spiritual meaning
• Divine mystery in nature
• Solitude
• The infinite

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Caspar David Friedrichs Paintings
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Romantic Painting in Spain

• Goya
• Nightmarish vision of the world
• Protest against French imperialism

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Romantic Painting in France

• Gericault
• Delacroix

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Gericaults Paintings
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Delacroixs Paintings
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Romantic Music

• Beethoven
• Brahms
• Chopin
• Liszt
• Schubert
• Schumann
• Berliotz