Ratification

1
Ratification

• A study in interest, ideology, and insecurity.

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Ratification

• Federalists versus Anti-Federalists
• Federalist Papers
• Need For A Bill of Rights

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AntifederalistsMercy Otis Warren

• a Republican form of government, founded on the
  principles of monarchy a democratick branch
  with the features of artistocracy
• There is no security in the profered system,
  either for the rights of conscience or the
  liberty of the Press.
• There are no well defined limits of the
  Judiciary Powers.
• The Executive and the Legislative are so
  dangerously blended as to give just cause of
  alarm.
• The abolition of trial by jury in civil causes.
• Though it has been said by Mr. Wilson and many
  others, that a Standing-Army is necessary for the
  dignity and safety of America, yet freedom
  revolts at the idea
• Every source of revenue is in the monopoly of
  Congress.
• The drain for public moneys will probably rise
  past all calculation.
• There is no provision for a rotation, nor
  anything to prevent the perpetuity of office in
  the same hands for life.
• There is no provision by a bill of rights to
  guard against the dangerous encroachments of
  power in too many instances to be named.

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Federalist Papers

• "The utility of the UNION to your political
  prosperity" covered in No. 2 through No. 14
• "The insufficiency of the present Confederation
  to preserve that Union"covered in No. 15 through
  No. 22
• "The necessity of a government at least equally
  energetic with the one proposed to the attainment
  of this object"covered in No. 23 through No. 36
• "The conformity of the proposed constitution to
  the true principles of republican
  government"covered in No. 37 through No. 84
• "Its analogy to your own state constitution"cover
  ed in No. 85
• "The additional security which its adoption will
  afford to the preservation of that species of
  government, to liberty and to prosperity"covered
  in No. 85.

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Ratification

• All states but Rhode Island had a special
  convention.
• Delaware, December 7, 1787 (unanimous)
• Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787 (46-23)
• New Jersey, December 18, 1787 (unanimous)
• Georgia, January 2, 1788 (unanimous)
• Connecticut, January 9, 1788 (128-40)
• Massachusetts, February 6, 1788
  (187-168)Massachusetts Compromise
• Maryland, April 28, 1788 (63-11)
• South Carolina, May 23, 1788 (149-73)
• New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 (57-47)
• Virginia, June 25, 1788 (89-79)
• New York, July 26, 1788 (30-27)
• North Carolina, November 21, 1789 (195-77)
• Rhode Island, May 29, 1790 (34-32)

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(No Transcript)
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Bill of Rights

• 12 sent to states
• 10 ratified by 3/4s of the states by December 15,
  1791.
• "Our Constitution is in actual operation.
  Everything appears to promise that it will last
  but in this world nothing is certain but death
  and taxes." Benjamin Franklin