Linux History

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C151 Multi-User Operating Systems

• Linux History

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Open Source Programming

• Open source programming 1983, Richard Stallman
  started the GNU Project (GNU Gnu is not Unix),
  a software movement to provide free and quality
  software.
• 1984 Stallman started to write the GNU C
  compiler (gcc), considered as one of the most
  efficient and robust compilers ever created.
• Open source programs are released under the GNU
  General Public License.

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Linux History

• Minix, the first open source operating system,
  written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in C, about 12000
  lines of code.
• 1991, first Linux kernel written in C by Linus
  Torvalds, University of Helsinki, Finland. First
  message about it posted on August 25, first
  release in September.
• It was developed with the contribution of many
  programmers around the world.
• It is functionally similar to Unix (a clone).

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Linux Development

• 1993 FreeBSD 1.0 (Berkley Unix)
• 1994 RedHat Linux is introduced.
• 1999 Linux available for PowerPC (Apple)
• Now adopted by many companies and most
  universities, third world countries.
• Standard for parallel and high performance
  computing (Beowulf clusters).
• Available for most computers, including PDA,
  supports graphical user interfaces, networking,
  and has many applications.

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Why Linux

• It's free! the source code is also available
  and anybody can write their own Linux as long as
  they include the source code in the distribution.
• Most users consider it a more stable and reliable
  OS than Windows.
• It's an alternative to Microsoft's dominance of
  the software market.
• It is multi-tasking, multi-user. Good support of
  multiple CPUs.
• Many utilities and APIs are now included in most
  distributions, like the g compiler, OpenGL,
  MPI, pthreads, etc.
• Mac OS now has an integrated shell and can run
  X11, Linux-specific applications.

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Linux Components

• The kernel the core of the OS that controls the
  resources.
• A hierarchical file system (FHS)
• Shells applications that interpret the commands
  from the user. They are active in the textual
  mode or terminal mode. Shells can also execute
  script files. Examples bash, tcsh, zsh, sh, etc.
• Graphical interfaces the X window system.
  Desktop interfaces Gnome, KDE, fvwm, etc.
  Specific libraries X11, gtk-glib-gnome, Qte, etc.

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Layered View of Linux Operating System
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Layered View of Linux Operating System
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Reading Assignment

• Textbook Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

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Linux History on Youtube

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWVTWCPoUt8w