Finally, John Locke

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Finally,John Locke

• The Influence of
• the Enlightenment on
• Americas Founding

http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/
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Hobbes

• Wrote Leviathan 1651
• Introduced the State of Nature
• All had the right to ___________________
• But, ______ is not in mans best interest
• The only way out of war, into ________ was by
  entering into a ________ __________, through
  surrendering just enough of ones natural rights
  to ensure peace and safety.
• This power was surrendered to the __________

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Enlightenment Defined

• enlightenment   noun U1 the state of
  understanding something
• 3 the Enlightenment the period in the __________
  Europe, when many people began to emphasize the
  importance of ________________, rather than
  _____________________(from Cambridge Advanced
  Learner's Dictionary)
• http//dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key257
  55dictCALD

4
18th Century Philosophy

• Emphasis on _____________
• Social progress people friendly politics
• John Locke was a _____________
• If Natural Laws were logical and could be
  discovered or uncovered (gravity) then so
  should there be discoverable / uncoverable
  political / social laws.

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Natural Rights

• All men possess or are granted these by the
  Creator (among these are . . .)
• _____________
• _____________
• _____________
• Problem the study of history shows these rights
  have often been denied

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The Various States

• State of _____________
• State of _____________.
• _____________ Society

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3 Political power

• Distribute Locke 3 4
• Read 3 Political Power defined

Distribute Brutus II (excerpt) "Brutus was one
of the Roman republicans who took part in the
assassination of Julius Caesar, to prevent him
from overthrowing the Roman Republic. Why was
Brutus chosen to represent the
Anti-Federalists?
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3 Political power

• Authorized to _____________, even severe,
• to ensure _____________,
• and using the _____________ to enforce these
  rules
• and protect from other groups
• All this for the _____________.

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CHAP. II. Of the State of Nature

• Read Sect. 4,
• What characterizes the State of Nature?
• _____________ _____________

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State of Nature

• A state of Freedom and Equality
• Live by Natural Laws
• 7 Everyone has _____________ and jurisdiction
  to enforce infringements on Freedom Equality
• How? 8-12

http//www.ldolphin.org/eden/
http//art-smart.ci.manchester.ct.us/artists/ar_hi
cks.html
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How are Infringements handled?

• Ultimately, _____________ is the only option (
  12)
• Ensures full protection of your own Freedoms.

http//www.buckknives.com/
http//www.galleryofguns.com/gungallery/index.asp
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State of War

• Once one man attempts to place another under his
  _______ power . . .
• _____ __________16
• The transgressor has left reason and become a
  wolf.

http//www.defenselink.mil/photos/Operations/
http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASwhipping.
htm
http//members.fortunecity.com/wrgifs/wrespictclip
s.html
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Homework

• Read 17 21
• Make Notes of what you can easily understand.
• Consider this question, Why will men give up
  their freedoms that they had in the State of
  Nature?

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Preservation of Property

• What does a State of Nature want to achieve
  PoP? Ref to 126.
• 124 An _____________
• 125 An _____________
• 126 Power to ______, carry out the law
• How far does Political Power extend?
• 131 as far as the common good

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21 How about a Society?

• Individuals consent to become a _____________
• Government w/Political Power given over to
  selected members of the group

http//www.fotosearch.com/EYW130/bes_013/
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21 How about a Society?

• Under Social Contract there is a constant
  balancing of Natural Rights vs Security
• Why? To preserve . . .

http//www.fotosearch.com/EYW130/bes_013/
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Social contractFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_
contract_theories

• In order to live in society, we agree to an
  implicit social contract, which gives us certain
  rights in return for giving up certain freedoms
  we would have in a state of nature.
• Thus, the rights (and responsibilities) of
  individuals are the terms of the social contract,
  and the state is the entity created for the
  purpose of enforcing that contract.
• The people may change the terms of the contract
  if they so desire rights and responsibilities
  are not fixed or "natural". However, more rights
  always entail more responsibilities, and fewer
  responsibilities always entail fewer rights.
• The Social Contract may or may not have the
  means of change built into it.

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When is Rebellion Justified?

• 202 Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins . . .
• 203 . . . Leave nothing but anarchy and
  confusion
• 210 . . . If a long train of actions shew . . .
• 211 distinguish between dissolution of the
  society . . . And the government
• 220 . . . The people are at liberty to provide
  for themselves, by erecting a new legislative . .
  . (For society can never lose its right to
  preserve itself)

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Locke Study Guide

• What three states does Locke describe?
• Place them in their logical order and briefly
  explain each providing a quote from The Second
  Treatise on Government.
• What do individuals hope to gain by giving up
  certain freedoms?
• Give an example of a freedom given up to gain a
  benefit.
• List three things that a State of Nature wants
  to achieve preservation of property.
• Explain each of the three terms.
• Under what conditions can an established
  authority be rebelled against?
• Define the following terms
• Enlightenment
• State of Nature
• Political Power
• State of War
• Social Contract
• Why do individuals move toward social contracts?

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Locke Project

• Prove that you understand Lockes explanation of
  the derivation of Political Power.
• Possible choices
• Essay
• Creative Writing story
• Cartoons, graphic novel, manga
• Play script
• Rap or song, narrated musical
• Annotated story or musical or historical event
• Your ideas? Present suggestion to Mr. Benson

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Locke Project rubric