The Great War: There and Here

1
The Great War There and Here

• Section 7.3

2
Todays Agenda

• Review Americas foreign policy and outbreak of
  WWI
• 7.3 slide show
• Homework
• Notebook check Monday!!!!
• 1st Quarter over Tuesday
• Read 7.4

3
Todays Objectives

• Define mobilization
• Explain how the United States
• Raised an army
• Financed the war
• Managed Public Opinion
• Produced Industrial Materials
• Enlisted the support of labor

4
What is mobilization?

• Preparing a nation for war
• May involve government, citizens and business
• Schlieffen Plan
• Germany rapid mobilization plan
• Defeat France before Russia has time to mobilize

5
America Goes To War
6
What does a nation need to prepare for and
conduct a war?

• Finance the war
• Raise an army
• Convert factories from peacetime to wartime
• Cooperation from organized labor
• Shape Public Opinion

7
How did the government finance the
war?

• Tax Increases
• Government Loans
• war bonds and stamps
• War costs over 30 billion
• total federal spending in 1913 only 970
  million

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Financing World War I
TAXES 30 16th Amendment 10 billion
Loans 70 Liberty Bonds 23 billion
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Agenda for Today

• JGG Quiz
• Notebook Check
• Return DBQs
• Finish 7.3 Slide Show
• Begin 7.4
• Homework
• Finish Johnny
• Read 7.4

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Analysis

• Which generation should pay for a war?
• Which pays when we use taxes to finance war?
• Which pays when we use loans?
• Should all Americans be asked to sacrifice when
  the US goes to war?

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How did the government raise an army?

• Voluntary recruitment campaigns
• Conscription (draft)
• mandatory enrollment
• 18-45
• Lottery system
• Progressive reaction
• Great equalizer
• Upper lower classes together brotherhood
• African-Americans segregated
• 600 black officers never rose to high rank

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Does the government have the power to draft?

• Yes Article I Sec. 8
• No 13th AmendmentInvoluntary Servitude

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Draft Presentation

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How did the government shape public opinion?

• Propaganda
• Edited/carefully chosen information meant to
  shape public opinion
• Herbert Hoover
• Food will win the war. Use all leftovers.
• George Creel
• Committee on Public Information
• Worlds greatest adventure in advertising
• Flyers, movies, conferences, speeches, posters

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Role of Propaganda
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How Did Government Enlist the Cooperation of Big
Business?
Converting Wartime Industry
From This
To this.
17
How Did Government Enlist the Cooperation of Big
Business?

• Centralized control of economy
• War Industries Board
• Allocated resources, fixed prices, directed
  production of all factories
• Bernard Baruch
• Wall Street broker, speculator
• Profits tripled

Where is our government on the political spectrum?
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War Industries Board
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How did the government control other economic
resources?

• Food Administration
• Herbert Hoover
• Conserve food for Allies
• wheatless Tuesdays, meatless Fridays
• Victory gardens
• Fuel Administration
• Daylight saving time
• Rationing coal, gasoline
• 4 day workweek for nonessential factories

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War Industries Board
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How did the government attempt to win the support
of Labor?
How would a socialist feel about the War?
22
How did the government attempt to win the support
of Labor?

• Samuel Gompers (AFL)
• Agreed to No-Strike contracts
• Funneled to discredit socialists
• War Labor Board
• Standardized wages (even for women), working
  hours, gave right of collective bargaining
• Strongly discouraged strikes
• Nationalized telephone and arms manufacturers
  when they went on strike

23
What happened to civil liberties and free speech
during the war?

• Espionage Act of 1917
• Sedition Act of 1918
• Any obstruction to the war effort illegal
• Americans encouraged to report on disloyal people
• Post Office
• Stopped delivering socialist periodicals
• Rose Pastor Stokes
• Sentenced to 10 years for calling government for
  the profiteers

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How far does/should free speech go?
I Rack
SNL Global Warming
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How far does/should free speech go?
26
PresentationsSedition LawsEugene V.
DebsOliver W. HolmesSchenck v. U.S.Clear
Present Danger
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Schenck v. U.S.

• Charles Schenck
• circulated Anti-war pamphlets
• cited the Thirteenth Amendment's provision
  against involuntary servitude
• War driven by capitalist
• proposed peaceful resistance
• Charged with violating Espionage Act
• Supreme Court unanimous decision in favor of U.S.
• Oliver W. Holmes
• clear present danger

"The question in every case is whether the words
used are used in such circumstances and are of
such a nature as to create a clear and present
danger that they will bring about the substantive
evils that Congress has a right to prevent." The
most stringent protection of free speech would
not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a
theatre and causing a panic."
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Free Speech
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Big Question

• The government needs extra power in a time of
  war. How much is enough?
• Sedition/Espionage Acts
• Patriot Act
• Illegal Combatant
• Redefining Geneva Convention
• NSA Warrant-less Wire Tap
• GITMO

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Post 9/11 America