COMPUTER SCIENCE

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COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
MADE BY ARNAV PRASHANT CLASS XI B
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DIGITAL COMPUTERS

• THE DIGITAL COMPUTERS WORK UPON DISCONTINOUS
  DATA.
• THEY CONVERT THE DATA IN TO DIGITS AND ALL THE
  OPERATIONS ARE CARRIED OUT ON THESE DIGITSAT
  EXTREMLY FAST RATES.
• A DIGITAL COMPUTER BASICALLY KNOWS HOW TO COUNT
  THE DIGITS AND ADD THE DIGITS.
• USES
• THESE COMPUTERS ARE USED FOR BUSINESS AND
  SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS.

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CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS

• DIGITAL COMPUTERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TWO WAYS
• 1)PURPOSE WISE 2)SIZE AND
  PERFORMANCE WISE
• PURPOSE-WISE DIGITAL COMPUTERS
• PURPOSE-WISE DIGITAL COMPUTERS ARE CLASSIFIED IN
  TWO TYPES
• SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER IS THE ONE THAT IS
  DESIGNED TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC TASK. FOR THE
  SPECIFIC TASKS,THIS TYPE OF COMPUTER WORKS
  EFFICIENTLY BUT SUCH COMPUTERS ARE NOT VERSATILE.
• PURPOSE COMPUTER IS THE ONE THAT CAN WORK ON
  DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMES INPUT TO IT AND THUS
  BE USED IN COUNTLESS APPLICATIONS.THESE COMPUTERS
  ARE VERY VERSATILE.

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• SIZE AND PERFORMANCE WISE DIGITAL COMPUTERS
• 1)EMBEDDED COMPUTERS ARE USED IN APPLIANCES
  ,SUCH AS TELEVISIONS,WASHING MACHINESAND WRIST
  WATCHES.
• THESE COMPUTERS ARE TYPICALLY PROGRAMMED FOR A
  SPECIFIC TASK, SUCH AS TUNING TO A PARTICULAR
  TELEVISION FREQUENCY or KEEPING ACCURATE TIME.
• 2) MICROCOMPUTERS ARE COMPUTERS WHOSE CPU IS A
  MICROPROCESSER.
• A MICROPROCESSER IS A PROCESSER WHOSE ALL
  COMPONENTS ARE ON A
• SINGLE INTEGRATED-SINGLE CHIP.
• THESE ARE MAINLY USED IN offices homes, schools
  shops stores etc.
• IBM APPLE MAC PS/2 ARE SOME POPULAR COMPUTERS
  OF THIS RANGE.
• 3) MINICOMPUTERS ARE MORE POWERFUL COMPUTERS
  THAN MICRO-COMPUTERS IN TERMS OF PROCESSING POWER
  AND CAPABLITIES.
• MINICOMPUTERS ARE MAINLY MULTIUSER SYSTEMS
  WHERE MANY USERS SIMULTANEOUSLY WORK ON THE
  SYSTEMS.
• MINICOMPUTERS POSSES GREATER STORAGE CAPACITY
  AND LARGE MEMORIES AS COMPARED TO MICROCOMPUETRS.
  Example PDP11 , VAX , 7500MAGNUM etc.

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• 4) MAINFRAME COMPUTERS ARE DESIGNED TO HANDLE
  HUGE VOLUMES OF DATA AND INFORMATION.
• THESE CAN SUPPORT HUNDRED USERS AT SAME TIME.
• THESE ARE VERY LARGE AND EXPENSIVE COMPUTERS
  HAVING GREAT PROCESSING SPEEDS AND VERY LARGE
  STORAGE CAPACITY AND MEMORY AS COMPARED TO
  MINICOMPUTERS.
• THESE COMPUTERS EVEN POSSES AND WORK WITH MORE
  THAN ONE PROCESSOR AT THE SAME TIME. Examples-
  ICL39 , CDC6600 , VAX8842 etc.
• 5) SUPER COMPUTERS ARE THE MOST POWERFUL
  COMPUTERS AMONG DIGITAL COMPUTERS.
• THESE CONSIST OF SEVERAL PROCESSORS RUNNING
  TOGETHER THEREBY MAKING THEM IMMENSELY FASTER AND
  POWERFUL.
• THESE COMPUTERS ARE CAPABLE OF HANDLING HUGE
  AMOUNTS OF CALCULATIONS THAT ARE BEYOND HUMAN
  CAPABLITIES.
• THESE ARE MAINLY USED IN APPLICATIONS LIKE
  WEATHER FORCASTING , NUCLEAR SCIENCE RESULT ,
  AERODYNAMIC MODELLING etc.
• Examples are CRAYX-MP-14,ETA GF-10 etc.

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ANALOG COMPUTERS

• IN ANALOG COMPUTERS, CONTINOUS QUANTITIES ARE
  USED.
• ANALOG COMPUTERS OPERATA BY MEASURING RATHER
  THAN COUNTING.
• THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF ANALOG COMPUTERS IS THAT
  ALL CALCULATIONS TAKE PLACE IN PARALLEL AND HENCE
  THESE ARE FASTERBUT THEIR ACCURACY IS POOR AS
  COMPARED TO DIGITAL COUNTERPARTS.
• ANALOG COMPUTERS ARE MOSTLY USED IN ENGINEERING
  AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS.
• AN ELECTRONIC WEIGHING SCALE IS AN EXAMPLE OF
  ANALOG COMPUTER.

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HYBRID COMPUTERS

• IN THESE COMPUTERS SOME CALCULATIONS TAKE PLACE
  IN ANALOG MANNER AND REST OF THEM TAKE PLACE IN
  DIGITAL MANNER.
• HYBRID COMPUTERS ARE BEST USE IN HOSPITAL, WHERE
  ANALOG PART IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MEASUREMENT5 OF
  PATIENTSHEART BEAT, BLOOD PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE
  AND OTHER VITAL SIGNS.
• HYBRID COMPUTERS ARE ALSO USED IN WEATHER
  FORCASTING.