CONCEPTS OF CULTURE

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CONCEPTS OF CULTURE

• LTC E. Ruiz

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CULTURE
THE LEARNED AND SHARED BEHAVIORS AND PERCEPTIONS
OF A GROUP WHICH HAVE BEEN TRANSMITTED FROM
GENERATIONS TO GENERATION THROUGH A SHARED SYMBOL
SYSTEM.
Viewgraph 12-1
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SUBCULTURE
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITHIN A LARGER SOCIAL
STRUCTURE WHO SHARE CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC
CHARACTERISTICS WHICH ARE DIFFERENT ENOUGH TO
DISTINGUISH IT FROM OTHERS WITHIN THE SAME
SOCIETY.
Viewgraph 12-2
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ENCULTURATION
THE PASSING OF CULTURE - THAT IS SOCIALLY
ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES - FROM THE
OLDER TO THE YOUNGER MEMBERS OF A GROUP.
Viewgraph 12-3
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ATTRIBUTES OF CULTURE

• LANGUAGE / SYMBOLS
• VALUES
• BELIEFS
• PATTERS OF THINKING
• CUSTOMARY BEHAVIORS

Viewgraph 12-4
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NON-ATTRIBUTES OF CULTURE

• RACE
• GENETIC
• ETHNICITY

Viewgraph 12-5
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IMPLICATIONS OF CROSS-CULTURE INTERACTIONS

• LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES
• BEING BLUNT
• TESTING
• CUSTOMS, OBSERVANCES, AND NECESSITIES
• SUPERVISORS/SUBORDINATE RELATIONS
• MILITARY JUSTICE
• SOCIAL AND SUPPORT GROUPING

Viewgraph 12-6
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PITFALLS OF CROSS-CULTURE INTERACTIONS

• STEREOTYPING
• ASSUMPTIONS
• DIFFERENCES

Viewgraph 12-7
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NATIVE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

• DEFINITION
• ORIGINS OF NATIVE-AMERICANS
• BELIEFS AND VALUES
• RELIGION
• POPULATION TRENDS OF NATIVE-AMERICANS
• CONCEPTS OF TREATIES
• LEGAL STATUS OF NATIVE-AMERICANS

Viewgraph 13-1
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HISTORICAL EVENTS WHICH IMPACTED THE
NATIVE AMERICANS AND THEIR POPULATION

• BELIEFS AND VALUES
• RELIGION
• ROLE OF THE FAMILY
• CULTURAL VALUES, ATTITUDES AND
• BEHAVIORS
• TREATIES
• LEGISLATION

Viewgraph 13-2
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CONTRIBUTIONS

• CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
• KEY NATIVE-AMERICANS ORGANIZATIONS
• NATIVE-AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE
• IN THE ARMED FORCES

Viewgraph 13-3
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DEFINITIONS

• WHITE-AMERICAN
• ANGLO-SAXON AND WHITE
• ANGLO-SAXON PROTESTANT

Viewgraph 14-1
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IMMIGRANTS

• BRITISH-AMERICANS
• CANADIAN-AMERICANS
• FRENCH-AMERICANS
• DUTCH-AMERICANS
• GERMAN-AMERICANS
• IRISH-AMERICANS
• ITALIAN-AMERICANS
• POLISH-AMERICANS
• MIDDLE EASTERN-AMERICANS

Viewgraph 14-2
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COLONIAL AMERICA

• FOUNDATION ENGLISH / ENGLAND
• PURITANS AND PILGRIMS
• INFLUENCES
• DIVERGENCE FROM THE HOMELAND
• PURITANISM
• NON-ENGLISH GROUPS
• NON-PROTESTANT GROUPS

Viewgraph 14-3
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EUROPEAN AMERICAN COMMON EXPERIENCE /
DISPLACEMENT

• IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE
• REASON FOR IMMIGRATING
• THE VOYAGE
• AMERICAS CONSCIENCE AND SERVITUDE

Viewgraph 14-4
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REDEMPTIONERS

• CONVICT LABOR
• THE DILEMMA

Viewgraph 14-5
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IMMIGRATION

• IMMIGRATION WAVES
• IMMIGRATION ACTS AND LAWS
• ASSIMILATION
• CONTEMPORARY AMERICA
• CURRENT STATUS OF WHITE-AMERICANS

Viewgraph 14-6
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ARAB-AMERICANS

• DEFINE ARAB-AMERICAN
• ARAB-AMERICAN DEMOGRAPHICS
• ARAB-AMERICAN IMMIGRATION

Viewgraph 15-1
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ARAB-AMERICAN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND CUSTOMS

• FAMILY STRUCTURE
• CONSERVATIVE BEHAVIOR
• ADMIRING OBJECTS AND GIFTS GIVING
• WOMENS CLOTHING

Viewgraph 15-2
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ISLAM AND MUSLIMS

• WHAT IS ISLAM?
• WHO ARE MUSLIMS?
• WHAT IS THE KORAN?
• FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
• WHAT DO MUSLIMS THINK ABOUT JESUS?
• MUSLIMS WOMEN
• MARRIAGE

Viewgraph 15-3
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CONTEMPORARY ARAB-AMERICAN ISSUES

• ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
• AMERICAN ROLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST
• KUWAIT
• DISCRIMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Viewgraph 15-4
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HISPANIC-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

• DEFINITION
• MAJOR GROUPS
• HISTORICAL EXPERIENCES OF HISPANIC-
• AMERICAN GROUPS

Viewgraph 16-1
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BASIC CULTURE CONCEPTS

• HISPANIC PROFILE
• ANTI-HISPANIC SENTIMENT AND
• DISCRIMINATION
• THE HISPANIC AGENDA
• SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
• HISTORIC CONSIDERATIONS
• HISPANIC IN THE MILITARY

Viewgraph 16-2
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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE
FORMATION OF HISPANIC ASSOCIATIONS AND
PARTNERSHIPS

• EDUCATION
• BUSINESS AND LABOR
• POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

Viewgraph 16-3
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BLACK-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

• DEFINITION
• NATIONS OF AFRICA
• AFRICAN SOCIETY
• SLAVE TRADE PERIOD

Viewgraph 17-1
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SLAVE CULTURE

• ROLE OF THE SLAVE FAMILY
• MUSIC
  
• LANGUAGE
• RELIGION
• DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK CHURCH
• IN AMERICA

Viewgraph 17-2
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SLAVERY AND THE ECONOMY

• EARLY LAWS DURING SLAVERY AND THEIR
• IMPACT ON BLACK AMERICANS
• EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
• RECONSTRUCTION (1870-1877)

Viewgraph 17-3
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BLACK-AMERICAN CULTURE

• SOURCE FOR BLACK CULTURE
• BLACK-AMERICAN FAMILY
• CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
• DYNAMICS OF BLACK-AMERICAN CULTURE
• RELIGION
• LAWS AND BLACK-AMERICAN, 1877 TO
• PRESENT
• CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Viewgraph 17-4
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BLACK CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

• EDUCATION
• EMPLOYMENT
• POLITICAL POWER
• BLACK ON BLACK CRIME
• EO IMPACT IN THE MILITARY
• EO IN THE MILITARY

Viewgraph 17-5
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MILITARY PARTICIPATION

• COLONIAL PERIOD
• REVOLUTIONARY WAR
• POST-REVOLUTIONARY WAR
• CIVIL WAR
• INDIAN CAMPAIGNS
• SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
• WORLD WAR I
• WORLD WAR II
• POST WORLD WAR II
• KOREAN WAR
• THE VIETNAM ERA TO PRESENT

Viewgraph 17-6
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ASIAN-AMERICAN

• DEFINE ASIAN-AMERICANS
• ORIGIN OF THE ASIAN-AMERICAN

Viewgraph 18-1
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ORIGIN OF THE ASIAN-AMERICAN

• CHINESE (1840s - 1882)
• JAPANESE (1860 - 1907)
• FILIPINO (1899 - 1934)
• KOREAN (1901 - 1907)

Viewgraph 18-2
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LEGISLATION AFFECTING ASIAN-AMERICAN

• FOREIGN MINERS ACT
• NATURALIZATION ACT
• CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT
• GENTLEMENS AGREEMENT
• CABLE ACT
• ALIEN LAND ACT
• EXCLUSIONARY IMMIGRATION ACT
• TIDDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT
• WORLD WARS I AND II

Viewgraph 18-3
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WORLD WAR II

• EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066
• REPEAL CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

Viewgraph 18-4
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STEREOTYPES

• MYTHS
• FACTS
• REALITY

Viewgraph 18-5
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CHINESE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• INDIVIDUAL
• FAMILY
• CLAN
• RESPECT FOR AGE
• STRONG MALE TRADITION
• FILIAL PIETY

Viewgraph 18-6
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JAPANESE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• PATRIARCHAL
• FILIAL PIETY
• MALE ORIENTED
• FAMILY ABOVE INDIVIDUAL
• CONCEPT OF HOUSE

Viewgraph 18-7
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KOREAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• SOCIAL CLASS STRATIFICATION
• FILIAL PIETY
• MALE DOMINANCE
• CONCEPT OF CHIP
• STRONG RESPECT FOR ELDERS AND
• EDUCATED

Viewgraph 18-8
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FILIPINO SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• AFFECTED BY OUTSIDE INFLUENCES
• LESS FORMAL FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
• EXTENDED FAMILY
• MALE-FEMALE RELATIONSHIP EXISTS

Viewgraph 18-9
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CHINESE LANGUAGE

• OLDEST AND MOST WIDESPREAD ON EARTH
• SPOKEN LANGUAGE IS MONOSYLLABIC
• GESTURE AND TONE IMPORTANT
• OVER 1000 DIALECTS
• ONE WRITTEN LANGUAGE
• IDEOGRAPHS FOR WORDS

Viewgraph 18-10
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JAPANESE LANGUAGE

• WRITTEN LANGUAGE BORROWED FROM
• CHINA
• POLYSYLLABIC AND MUTUALLY INTELLIGIBLE
• EXPRESS IDEAS VERSUS WORDS
• KANJI, HIRIGANA, KATAKANA WRITTEN
• LANGUAGE

Viewgraph 18-11
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KOREAN LANGUAGE

• WRITTEN WITH CHINESE CHARACTERS
• GRAMMAR SIMILAR TO JAPANESE
• DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SPEECH
• DIALECTS MUTUALLY INTELLIGIBLE

Viewgraph 18-12
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FILIPINO LANGUAGE

• 300 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
• TAGALOG NATIONAL LANGUAGE
• NO SOUNDS FOR F,V,W,Z
• DIFFERENT DIALECTS

Viewgraph 18-13
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CHINESE RELIGION

• NON-CHRISTIAN
• CONFUCIANISM
• TAOISM
• BUDDHISM
• CHINESE CHRISTIANITY

Viewgraph 18-14
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JAPANESE RELIGION

• BUDDHISM
• SHINTO
• JAPANESE CHRISTIANITY

Viewgraph 18-15
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KOREAN RELIGION

• TAOISM
• BUDDHISM
• CONFUCIANISM
• KOREAN CHRISTIANITY
• CHONDO-GYO

Viewgraph 18-16
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FILIPINO RELIGION

• CATHOLIC
• ISLAM

Viewgraph 18-17
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OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

• CHINESE CONCEPT OF FACE AND VISIBILITY
• JAPANESE GENERATIONS CHANGE
• KOREAN CONCEPT OF KIBUN
• FILIPINO LOYALTY

Viewgraph 18-18
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VALUES AND ATTITUDES AFFECTING
ASIAN-AMERICANS

• EDUCATION
• ECONOMIC ISSUES
• U.S. MILITARY
• CURRENT PROBLEMS AND ISSUES

Viewgraph 18-19
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CURRENT PROBLEMS AND ISSUES

• FAMILY
• OVERCOMING STEREOTYPES
• BACKLASH DUE TO NEW IMMIGRANTS

Viewgraph 18-20
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JEWISH-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• CONCEPT OF JUDAISM
• EARLY JEWISH HISTORY
• LEGISLATION

Viewgraph 19-1
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JEWISH IDENTITY/JUDAISM

• THE ORTHODOX
• THE REFORM JUDAISM
• CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM
• EXTREME JEWISH MOVEMENTS
• JUDAISM ITS VALUES AND ETHICS

Viewgraph 19-2
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JEWISH CULTURE

• ANTI-SEMITISM
• CURRENT RELATIONSHIPS
• CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

Viewgraph 19-3