Plant Diversity The Colonization of Land

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Plant DiversityThe Colonization of Land

• Fred Searcy
• Broward Community College

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Characteristics of Plants

• Multicellular
• eukaryotic
• autotrophic
• cellulose
• amylose amylopectin
• chlorophylls a and b
• primarily terrestrial

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Adaptations to Land

• Complex body with specialization of structures
• roots
• stems
• leaves
• stomata
• vascular tissue

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Adaptation to Land

• Chemical
• secondary products
• waxy cuticle
• toxins
• lignin
• sporopollenin

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Adaptation to Land

• Reproduction
• gametangia
• embryos
• gymnosperms vs angiosperms

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Alternation of Generations
Sporophyte (2n)
Gametophyte (n)
Algae bryophytes ferns higher plants
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Classification of Plants
See web site for table.
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Evolution of Plants

• From green algae (Charophytes)
• Evidence from
• cell ultrastructure
• biochemistry
• hereditary information
• DNA
• RNA
• protein products

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See web site for table.
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Archegonia

• Sterile cells
• neck
• venter
• ventral canal cells
• neck canal cells
• Fertile cells
• egg

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Antheridia

• Sterile
• Fertile
• spermogenous tissue

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Bryophyta
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Bryophytes
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Hepatophyta
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Anthocerophyta
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Psilophyta
Psilotum
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Lycophyta
Lycopodium
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Lycophyta
Selaginella
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Sphenophyta
Equisetum
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Pterophyta
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Pterophyta