AsiaEurope Environment Forum

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Asia-Europe Environment Forum 1/3 of our Planet
What can Asia and Europe do for Sustainable
Development? 23-25 November 2005 Jakarta,
Indonesia Workshop 8 Sustainable Urban
Transport in Asia Learning from Europe
Sustainable Urban Transport in Berlin and
Malaysia Roland Haas Chief Technical Advisor
(GTZ) Malaysian German Technical
Cooperation Department of Environment, Malaysia
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• A sustainable city
• a developed city
• residential areas
• commercial/industrial sites
• green areas/parks
• kids playing/
• people cycling
• renewable energy (wind mill, solar panels)
• a modern and important city (airport!)
• do you see cars?

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We are not against cars....

• We would only like to use the car
• what it is invented for
• Driving not being stuck in jams!
• Restrictions on cars
• DO NOT affect the car industry!

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• Urban Sustainablity (in general)
• Urban 21 Conference (Berlin, July 2000)
• Improving the quality of life in a city,
  including ecological, cultural, political,
  institutional, social and economic components
  without leaving a burden on the future
  generations.
• (A burden which is the result of a reduced
  natural capital and an excessive local debt. Our
  aim is that the flow principle, that is based on
  an equilibrium of material and energy and also
  financial input/output, plays a crucial role in
  all future decisions upon the development of
  urban areas.)

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DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION

• A sustainable transportation system is one that
• allows the basic access needs of individuals and
  societies to be met safely and in a manner
  consistent with human and ecosystem health, and
  with equity within and between generations.
• is affordable, operates efficiently, offers
  choice of transport mode, and supports a vibrant
  economy.
• limits emissions and waste within the planets
  ability to absorb them, minimizes consumption of
  non-renewable resources, limits consumption of
  renewable resources to the sustainable yield
  level, reuses and recycles its components, and
  minimizes the use of land and the production of
  noise.
• (Centre for Sustainable Transportation (CST),
  Toronto/Canada)

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Some good examples from Malaysia
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...and not so good ones....(which could be
nearly anywhere in Asia)
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Think about wheelchairs
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Think about the blind
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What can be done....

• Results from the Workshop
• Against Pollution and Congestion in our Cities
  Sustainable Urban Transport for Malaysia,
• Kuantan, February 2004
• under the
• Malaysian-German Technical Cooperation Project on
  
• Air Pollution Control for Malaysian Cities
  (DoE/GTZ)

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What can be done ....

• 3 Working Groups in Kuantan
• Public Transport
• Non-Motorised Transport
• Traffic Management and Land-use Planning

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Major Findings (only in Malaysia?)

• Public Transport (PT)
• Passenger side
• Unrealiable service, slow, badly integrated
• Buses do not meet mobility needs of people
• No attractive alternative to cars and motorcycles
• Operator side
• Low fares and low level of regulation give no
  incentive for investment
• Community
• Low accessibility to PT lead to negative effects
  (air, congestion, time)
• Instititutional
• Overlapping responsibilities (MoT/CVLB)
• Insufficient transport planning and enforcement
  at local level

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Major Findings (only in Malaysia?)

• Non-Motorised Transport (NMT)
• Dangerous to walk or cycle only little
  attention given to pedestrians
• Priority given to high speed long distance travel
  than to short distance local traffic
• Overlapping responsibilites
• High impact could be achieved already by only
  small measures
• Public participation need to be promoted

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Major Findings (only in Malaysia?)

• Land-use Planning (LP)
• Local Plans often overruled by State Governments
• Lack of capacity at local level for planning and
  enforcement
• Traffic impact analyses need to be carried out
  for new projects
• Need to empower integrated urban planning
  committees under participation of civil society

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Summary

• PT and NMT are marginalised at policy and
  planning level
• Institutional problems with overlapping or
  low-competent decision making
• Need for integrated planning at local level
  (PT-NMT-Environment-Land-use)
• Promote positive image of PT and NMT
• Promote awareness raising and active public
  participation

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Are we designing our transport systems for

• System operators,
• Planners,
• Political officials, or
• Customers?

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Berlins Green Transport PlanA Strategy
Towards a more Sustainable MobilityA good
example for strategic planning with high public
participation
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Consultative Procedure The Procedure is
Important for the Result
Round Table
Scientific Advisory Council
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Components StEP
Vision (integrated)
Goals (12 Quality Goals, 4 Dimensions)
Strategy (6 Partial Strategies)
Measures (5 different Categories)
Infrastructure Long-Term Options
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The vision and the goals were adopted by
Government and parliament ... ... before
discussing the measures!!!
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The Vision

• The Vision, an answer to the questions
• Where do we want to go?
• How should our city look like in 20 years?.
• The Basic Idea
• Satisfy mobility needs, under consideration of
  the
• unwanted side effects of traffic.

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The Goals
Components StEP
Vision (integrated)

• 12 Quality goals of sustainable policy with
  economical, social and ecological dimensions
• 42 subordinated (concrete, optional) operational
  targets
• Goals in conflict relationship Optimization of
  a target dimension will always charge another
  target
• Example Improvement of accessibility ? more
  traffic demand ? negative environmental effects
• Rating demand! StEP offers rating and
  consideration proposals

Goals (12 Quality Goals, 4 Dimensions)
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Components StEP
Measures Divided in 5 Categories
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Important Results What can be achieved by the
StEP strategy
1. Private car traffic heading for the inner city
can be reduced by an extended park management
systems and provision of public transport
alternatives
2. Inner city transit traffic can be reduced to
about half its present size the re-routing
concept is working
3. The traffic growth can be slowed down (not
changing the trend, but weakening it)
4. The development of the modal split can be
reversed
5. Relief of the strain of traffic-related
pollution is possible, greenhouse gases remain a
problem (but their increase can be reduced)
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Conclusion and Consequences from the Main
Study7 Strategic Guidelines

• Priority of maintenance over expansion of
  transport infrastructure existing capacities to
  be used more effectively!
• Desirable extensions of infrastructure require
  proof of profitability and reliable demand
  forecasts
• Organisation and management of traffic and other
  soft measures to dominate the design of
  transport infrastructure
• Substantial efforts have to be made to maintain
  and increase demand for public transport
  increased flexibility, speeding-up, transparency,
  customer orientation
• Increase promotion of bicycle use
• The private car will remain indispensable,
  however, necessity and feasability are key issues
  of dealing with cars in a city
• More attention to be given to the causes of
  increasing transport demand through spatial
  development regulatory policies

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Back to Malaysia The Offer of the Project

• Raise awareness for problems and create
  atmosphere for solutions (general public,
  politicians)
• Assist in study design and implementation
• Promote and facilitate cooperation
• Support in bringing stakeholders together
• Support public participation in ALL stages of
  planning

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Thank you for listening!!! Roland Haas Department
of Environment, Malaysia roland.haas_at_gtz.de For
Information on Berlin planning process Dr. Axel
Friedrich, Umweltbundesamt (German EPA)
axel.friedrich_at_uba.de