Memory

1
Memory

• Psyc 494
• Talia Ben-Zeev

2
The big question
3
Early Studies

• Herman Ebbinghaus (1850 - 1909)
• On Memory

4
Early Studies

• William James
• Principles of Psychology (1890)
• Primary Memory
• Secondary Memory

5
Models of Memory
Waugh Norman (1965) Primary and Secondary
Memory
6
Memory Models
W
augh Norman
s experiment
7
Models of Memory
Attkinson Shiffrin (1968)
3-store model

rehearsal
Sensory
Long T
erm

Short T
erm
Store

Store
Store
8
Models of Memory
9
Models of Memory
10
Models of Memory
11
Models of Memory
Levels of Processing Theory (Craik Lockhart)
1. processing occurs at multiple levels
A

2. greater depth of processing causes more

durable memories
F
AC

3. maintenance (vs. elaboration) does not lead to

improvements in memory performance

12
Criticisms of LOP
What do you think they are?
13
Memory Models
14
Models of Memory
15
Models of Memory
16
Forgetting
The Susan Nason story What is Forgetting? Failure
to remember OR Failure to encode memories in
durable forms?
17
Explicit vs. Implicit Memory
Tulving et al. (1982) Dissociation between
implicit and explicit memory
18
The Encoding Specificity Principle
Memory retrieval is a function of the degree
of overlap between features encoded during
learning and those present in the retrieval
environment
19
The Encoding Specificity Principle

• Godden Baddeley (1975)
• Smith Vela (1992)
• Goodwin (1969)
• Bower (1981)

20
False Memories
Memory for a past that never was