Centripetal tendencies

1
Centripetal tendencies

• Integration Federalism

2
KEYS

• COMMON HERITAGE
• THE IDEA
• IMPACT OF WAR
• NEED FOR PHYSICAL RE-CONSTUCTION
• ECONOMICS OF SCALE

3
KEYS cont

• MOOD
• ROLE IN WORLD
• THE GERMAN QUESTION
• EXPERIENCE
• US?

4
CENTRIFUGAL

• De Gaulle Thatcher cf. The Hague
• Sovereignty
• History
• Economic competition
• Who pays

5
continue

• geography
• not inexorable
• Attitude to US /NATO
• elites v po
• over the cliff

6
continue

• Sub-national identity
• traditional IOs

7
CONCLUSIONS

• LIVE ISSUES
• NOT INEVITABLE
• BIG ISSUES

8
DEVELOPMENTS

• THE HAGUE 1948
• SCHUMAN 1950
• EVER CLOSER UNION
• A KIND OF UNITED STATES OF EUROPE - CHURCHILL
• INTEGRATION
• FEDERAL PHASE -1954?