An Industrial Order Emerges 18651890

1
An Industrial Order Emerges 1865-1890

• Chapter 17

2
Setting the Stage

• Post-Civil War
• Resources
• Opportunities
• Players
• Business
• Government
• Agriculture

3
Setting the Stage
4
Homestead Act

• A homesteader - filing fee of 18
• Head of a household
• At least 21 years of age
• Claim a 160 acre parcel of land.
• Each homesteader
• Live on the land
• Build a home
• Five years

5
Homestead Act-contd
http//www.nps.gov/home/virtual_prairie.html
6
The Spread of Agriculture
7
Changing Agriculture

• Subsistence to business
• Implication?

8
Prices
9
Production
10
Production and Prices
11
Wartime Politics

• Homestead Act passed 1862
• Pacific Railway Act passed 1862
• Land grants
• Legal Tender Act - greenbacks

12
Railroads

• Railroads started in 1820s
• Capital intensive
• Change from short line to long haul
• Desire to link California
• Industry
• Finance
• Equipment
• Time

13
Growth of Railroad
14
Industry Birthing Industry

• Rails showed example
• Combination
• Prices
• Finance
• Other industries followed
• Carnegie - cut the pricesscoop the marketrun
  the mills full

15
Industry Good or Bad?

• Good
• More jobs
• Growth in the cities
• Increases production products quicker, cheaper
• Earnings increase
• Trade and craft unions

16
Industry Good or Bad?

• Bad
• Workers not a much control over schedule
• Small business attempts failed
• More crowded cities
• Poor conditions factories
• Employers dealing with unions
• Child labor
• Robber Barons
• Led to distinct social classes

17
Vertical and Horizontal Integration of Petroleum
Industry
18
Industrial Growth
19
Image

• Eye of the beholder - good or evil
• Captains of Industry
• Robber barons
• No other way in which production and
  distributioncan be prosecuted

20
Changing Work Force
21
Social Darwinism

• Charles Darwin - survival of the fittest
• Herbert Spencer - apply to industry
• William Graham Sumner -
• Regulation only protected the unfit and long-term
  disadvantage of all

22
Gospel of Wealth

• Andrew Carnegie
• 3,000 public libraries
• 4,100 church organs
• Carnegie Hall
• Duke, Vanderbilt and Stanford Universities

23
Human Side

• Workers - changes in 1830s
• After Civil War - shift in nation
• Location
• Composition
• Livelihood
• Tasks
• Skilled
• Unskilled

24
Reaction

• Workers combine to react - unions
• Local efforts - 1830s
• Now - national unions
• Brotherhoods
• Limited success

25
Politics

• Two major parties
• Platforms
• Specific constituents
• Time of scandals
• Whiskey Ring
• Credit Mobilier
• Tammany Hall

26
New Voices

• Farmers
• Weather
• Credit
• New challenges
• Freight rates
• Reaction
• Patrons of Husbandry - Grange
• Greenbackers

27
Summary

• Civil War
• Industry on-hold
• Demand builds
• Railroads
• Pattern for industry
• Develop new industries
• Human side
• Seek to restore the balance