DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH

1
DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH

• PART ONE PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
• Allophones

2
Vowels effects

• Labialisation
• do d??wu?
• Palatalisation
• need n?i?d

3
Voiceless obstruents effects

• Obstruent devoicing
• bad b??æd??
• Pre-fortis clipping
• bead beat
• b?i??d?? b?i? ? t

4
Voiceless obstruents

• Pre-fortis clipping
• tide tight
• tha?d?? tha??t

5
Nasal consonants effects

• Nasalisation
• send send??

6
Allophones of plosives

• Aspiration
• pat phæt
• Release
• No release
• act æk?t

7
Allophones of plosives

• Nasal
• button ?b???tnn?
• Lateral
• kettle ?khetl? ?

8
Allophones of plosives

• Dentalisation
• tenth then??
• Retraction
• try ?r?a?

9
Allophones of plosives

• Glottalisation (optional)
• pat phæ?t
• t-voicing
• pity ?ph?t ?i

10
Allophones of sonorants

• Sonorant devoicing
• snake sn?e?k
• Approximant devoicing
• play p?l????e?
• try ??r???a?
• queue k?j ?u?

11
Syllabic consonants

• Nasals and liquids after an optional schwa
• ?s?dn

12
The lateral

• Clear /l/ - pre-vocalic and pre - /j/
• light la?t
• plum pl??m
• Dark ? other positions
• belt b??e?t
• will w??

13
Liason

• R linking
• far out /f??r a?t/
• R intrusion
• law and order
• /l??r ?nd ??d?/