SPI at Logicon

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SPI at Logicon

• OMAHA Spin

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Logicon Inc and Logicon Information Technology
Group

• Logicon - Approximately 5500
• LITG - Approximately 1000
• System engineering and software development
• DoD, DoE, FAA, commercial IT
• Advanced technology programs, ICASE, simulation
  and modeling, ...

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Process Improvement Program

• 1989 - Assessment to define Logicon-specific TQM
  program CPI
• 1990 - Jack Woodhull, CEO, mandates SPI based on
  SEI CMM
• 1991 - ISG and ITG SEPG established
• 1991- Directives, processes, procedures,
  guidelines, standards, core metrics (L2-L3)
• 1993 - SCEs and SPAs

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Process Improvement Program

• 1994 - Project compliance audits against L2
  architecture
• 1995 - Full L3 architecture and standard metrics
  in preparation for L4, L3 compliance audits,
  local SEPG established
• 1996 - New acquisitions require corporate level
  ISG and SEPG, new group SEPGs
• 1996 - Key practice assessment against L3

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Capability Maturity Model (CMMSM) Key Process
Areas (KPA)
Optimizing (5)
Process change management Technology change
management Defect prevention
Managed (4)
Software quality management Quantitative
process management
Quality management
Process measurement and analysis

Defined (3)
Peer reviews Intergroup
coordination Software product
engineering Integrated software management
Training program Organization process
definition Organization process focus
Repeatable (2)
Software configuration management
Software quality assurance Software
subcontract management Software project
tracking and oversight Software project
planning Requirements management
Initial (1)
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Process Descriptions
Subprocesses
Plan the Process Track and Oversee the
Process Technical Activities Peer Reviews Prepare
Products
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Management ModelEvolutionary Spiral Process (ESP)
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Benefits of ESP

• Helps organize and focus efforts
• Emphasizes end-user (end-product) requirements
• Encourages one to work within given constraints
  and flexibilities
• Anticipates, averts or mitigates risks wherever
  possible

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Heritage of ESP

• B. Boehms Spiral Model
• R. Charettes risk management principles
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  (IEEE) Standard for Software Life Cycle Processes
• International Organization for Standardization
  (ISO) Information Technology Software Life-Cycle
  Process

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Risk Activities

• List of risk items for schedule, cost, support,
  (project technical) performance.
• For each risk item associate and record a list of
  risk abatement or reduction alternatives.
• Establish risk measure(s) which permit
  comparisons of effects of abatement alternatives
  on risk value and assign risk values to each item

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Risk Exposure

• P the likelihood of an unsatisfactory outcome
  on one of the dimensions of a project (e.g.,
  cost, schedule).
• C the consequence of an unsatisfactory outcome
  on one of the dimensions of a project (e.g.,
  performance, support).
• R PC

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Risk Exposure - Reduction
100
y
High
x
Critical
80
Serious
Moderate
60
Consequence
Moderate
40
z
Minor
Low
20
Negligible
40
70
100
Probability ()
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Technical Performance Metrics (Earned Value
Metrics)
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Technical Performance Metrics (Earned Value
Metrics)
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Inspection Peer Reviews

• More formal review of products
• Reviewers log defects by severity level and do
  causal analysis
• Meetings are for defect logging
• Track effort for preparation, meeting and rework
• Done in every life cycle activity
• Detect and remove defects earlier
• Use data for prediction

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Profiles of Defects Passed On
Rqts
Design
Code
Unit Test
Integ Test
Qual Test
Operational
(1)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(8)
10
20
20
(15)
Quantities are defects/KLOC
Use of Inspections
40
50
Source Programming Productivity Capers Jones,
1986 and Ragland, 1992 Crosstalk
100
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Resource Loading With and Without Inspections
with Insp
w/o Insp
Personnel Resources
Plan
RA
AD
DD
CUT
IT
QT
Op
Life Cycle Activity
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Defect Detection
w/o Inspections
1st Yr Inspections
Predicted
Defect Density
RA
AD
DD
CUT
IT
QT
Op
Life Cycle Activity
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Sample MetricsInjection Points
20
Sample Metrics