Origins

1
Origins
Donald Hebb (1949) Hebbian Learning
McCulloch and Pitts (1943) Model of Artificial
Neurons.
Conference at Dartmouth (1956) McCarthy, Minsky,
Shannon, Nathaniel, Samuel (IBM),
Solomonoff, Newell and Simon.
Newell and Simon General Problem Solver
2
Origins
McCarthy LISP (1958)
Samuel (1952) Learning to play checkers
Minskys Microworlds (1963) Blocks world
Rosenblatt (1963) Perceptrons (convergence
theorem)
Simons prediction computers will beat a chess
champion in 10 years a significant theorem will
be proved by a machine
3
Blocks Worlds
4
Later on
The knowledge problem. the spirit is willing but
the flesh is weak The vodka is good but the
meat is rotten
US government funding was cancelled (1966)
Knowledge based-methods (1969-79) Buchanan with
DENDRAL (molecular info. from a mass spectrometer)
Minksy and Papert Book Perceptron (1969)
Expert Systems MYCIN (diagnose blood infections)
5
AI becomes Industry (1980 today)
More expert systems. Systems using Prolog. After
1988 companies suffered.
The return of Neural Networks Hopfield (1982)
Data Mining Bayesian Networks Robotics Computer
Vision AI for the Web
AI becomes Science neats beat scruffies
6
What is hot in AI --- List of Invited Talks at
the 2004 AAAI/IAAI Conferences

• Intelligent Systems and the Nations Vision of
  Space Exploration
• Agents meet the Semantic Web in the Aether
• Real Robots for the Real World
• Strength of Character Personalities in Video
  Games
• Human Dynamics
• If not Turing Test, then What?
• AI and Biomedicine Helping Scientists with
  Genomes, Drugs, and Diseases
• Building a Life Science Company around
  Statistical Machine Learning
• Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Web
  Search Peter Norvig, Google