1'1'2a Key influences that impact on sustained involvement in physical activity

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1.1.2a Key influences that impact on sustained
involvement in physical activity
Learning objectives
To understand the cultural influences on
sport To discuss women in sport and the
opportunities they have compared to men To
understand how image influence such as media and
fashion can affect participation To describe
influential people on our decision to take up a
sport To be able to discuss the influence of
resources and socio-economic status on sporting
choices
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Key influences on physical activity opportunities

• There are many influences on an individual to
  become involved in sport.
• Some of these include
• Cultural influences
• Image and fashion influences
• Resource influences
• Socio-economic influences

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Cultural Influences
These are usually out of our control Age Age
can put limits on what sport an individual may
take up. Depending on the size of the club they
may have a team at each age group.
Young people have a wide variety of opportunity
to access sports clubs and teams. Schools
encourage mass participation during PE lesson and
extend to after school clubs
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Cultural Influences
Disability Sport is encouraged to all
regardless of disability. They often compete
against similar groups or can be mixed with
able-bodied. Most facilities cater for disabled
access.
Oscar Pistorius is a double leg amputee but
competes in able bodied races. Some people have
claimed he has an unfair advantage over others
due to his gastrocnemius not becoming fatigued.
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Cultural Influences
Gender Males and females are both encouraged to
take part in sport. Generally both sexes compete
against the same gender to ensure fairness.
Mixed doubles tennis/badminton and show jumping
are the only exceptions.
Men and sport This is usually an outlet for
aggression. Physical activity provides a
competitive environment for which men seek. Many
men join clubs to improve physical shape and to
enjoy the social side of sport.
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Cultural Influences
Women and sport Women also enjoy the competitive
side of sport and increasing numbers join a gym
due to social reasons (i.e. to go with a
friend) Sports such as netball, tennis and dance
clubs tend to be more popular with women due to
there non-contact nature.
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Women in sport
Women tend to participate in activities
associated with more non contact sports and those
that would improve appearance. i.e. Toning
muscles (aerobics)
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This table shows the changing pattern of women in
sport
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Women and elite level sport
Women s opportunities at elite level are growing
all the time. With an increase in the womens
sport profile, sponsorship and financial gain is
becoming more readily available.
Which womens sports have seen an increase in
coverage?
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Women and elite level sport
Womens football association Arsenal LADIES
success
Womens athletics
Womens Rugby
Womens tennis
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Female sport coverage
Do they have any/good media coverage? Role
models? Strong grass roots?
TENNIS?
GOLF?
BASKETBALL?
FOOTBALL?
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• Females have more opportunities in terms of
• More females participate in sport
• Greater variety of sports available and
  recognised
• More clubs, competitions and organisations
• Better media coverage and therefore emerging role
  models
• More womens success has lead to
  commercialisation deals.

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Cultural Influences
Race Many ethnic groups participate in sport
but have other factors that can effect their
opportunities. DISCUSS

• Very few facilities
• Financial issues
• Disposable income

What could clubs and groups do to increase
involvement?
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Promote and show images of people from different
race taking part. ROLE MODELS
What could clubs and groups do to increase
involvement?
Make all feel welcome.
Encourage and motivate
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Image Influences
Fashion Sports clothing is worn by all
individuals irrespective of participation. Role
models and teams have a huge influence on what we
buy. i.e. Football shirts, NIKE
trainers Popularity of an activity can be
influenced by seasonal tournaments. i.e. During
Wimbledon lots of people play tennis in local
parks
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Image Influences
Media Coverage Sport using a variety of media
outlets to promote and report to a wide audience.
Television
Newspaper
Radio
Internet
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Types of television broadcast
Terrestrial T.V. This includes all free to air
channels (BBC1, 2, ITV, C4, CH5) The battle
between terrestrial TV and Satellite for big
sporting event is huge. The television committee
has made sure that some sporting events are
always available on free to air channels. (See
table)
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Positive negative effects of sports coverage on
terrestrial TV
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Types of television broadcast
Satellite T.V. This is subscription TV and
includes SKY and Virgin Media These big
companies bid for sporting events and cover a
wide variety of activities. They also offer
interactive services to enhance viewing. This
also includes pay-per-view T.V.
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Types of T.V. Broadcast
Informative Programmes i.e. News bulletins.
These programmes are based on facts and are
designed to keep us updated on information.
Educational Programmes These programmes deal
with coaching and helping people. They can be
documentary based. i.e. Football coaching ideas
Instructive Programmes This coverage is aimed
teaching the viewer something new. Many
programmes include elements of instruction. i.e.
A cricket master class during a break in play.
Entertaining Programmes These are designed for
entertainment. Sometimes the drama of sport can
be entertaining i.e. Quiz shows, reality t.v.
shows
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Radio
Radio broadcasters like the BBC will regularly
report on sporting events and will provide live
commentary. Five Live Talk Sport Radio 4 and
cricket coverage
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Press
The back pages of the newspaper always report on
sporting news. Journalists and photographers are
employed to solely work on sport news stories.
Sports magazines are specific to a particular
activity i.e. Golfers monthly Match,
4-4-2.
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Internet
This is the newest form of media. The internet
provide up to date coverage of sport from around
the world. Sports good are also bought and sold
over the internet.
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Influential People
Many different people can influence us greatly on
the participation of a physical activity. Here
are some groups
Family Parents and other family members have a
big influence on a child participation of sport.
Think, is this true with you and your sporting
choice? A child can be introduce to an activity
at an early age by their family and will usually
receive financial support to continue it. (costs
many include kit, subscription and travel costs).

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Influential People
Peers peers are individuals of the same age.
(your friends) These people can influence what
sport you take up. Peer pressure can lead you
to an activity and is easier than going alone to
a club. Think, is this true with you?
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Influential People
Role models There are many role models in sport
and these can be a strong deciding factor in what
sport we choose. The greater the media coverage
of these performers the more we aspire to be like
them. i.e. Cristiano Ronaldo Think, is
this true with you?
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Resource Influence
Resources Available The provision of outdoor
and indoor facilities depends on many factors.
Some facilities for sport are not financially or
practically possible to have. The government
allocate money to local authorities and lottery
money provides additional income to spend on
sporting facilities.
Access Where the facilities for an activity are
good there is generally more participants. Good
transport links mean people can access the club
easily.
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Resource Influence
Location Naturally the location of activities
are important. Outdoor pursuits centres are
common in Wales where there is a big outdoor
space. i.e. National park. Indoor climbing
centre are popular in cities as it is inexpensive
compared to a real climbing trip.
Time The amount of free time will determine how
much involvement an individual can devote to a
sport.
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Socio-economic influences
Socio-economic status The amount of money
people earn and there occupation will influence
what sport they choose to participate in. Some
sports are seen as higher class sports CAN YOU
NAME ANY? Rubgy, Rowing, Shooting..... Lower
paid people tend to not be able to afford sports
that require expensive equipment. i.e. Cricket,
Golf and Tennis
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Can you list activities that cost Less than 50
to take part in Between 50- 150 to
do Over 300 to participate in