Think About

1
Think About

• What policies might help address the population
  issues in your region?

2
Population Policies

• How nations have attempted to increase, decrease
  and perfect populations

3
Expansionist Policies

• Pronatalist
• Incentives
• Subsidies, childcare, preferential treatment
• Penalties
• Punishment for using/teaching about contraception
• Propaganda

4
France
5
France

• Post- WWII
• Propaganda
• Incentives

6
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
7
Romania
Nikolai Ceausescu
8
Romania

• Concerned with falling birthrate
• Economy
• Racist

9
Romania, 1967-89

• Methods
• Abortion illegal
• Contraception banned
• Divorce very difficult
• Monthly gynecological checkups for all women
• Some financial incentives for multiple children
• Punitive taxes for over 25 with no children

10
Romania Results

• Short-term rise in birth rate
• Big increase in maternal mortality
• Huge number of orphans

11
Critical Thinking

• What makes for good pronatalist policy?

12
Restrictive Policies

• Antinatalist
• Concerned with overpopulation
• Incentives
• Better resources, preferential treatment
• Access to family planning services
• Penalties
• Loss of opportunities, status
• Criminal prosecution

13
China

• Under Mao, population growth encouraged
• Communist government introduces One Child policy

14
China
15
One Child Policy, 1979-Now

• Families are encouraged to only have one child
• Incentives for one-child families
• Punitive measures

16
One Child Policy, 1979-Now

• Where there are evil people who actually
  sabotage or undermine the policy of family
  planning, we must mobilize the masses to expose
  them in a timely way and subject them to severe
  treatment by the judiciary and related
  departments
• Government of China directive

17
One Child Policy, 1979-Now

• Burden falls mostly on women
• China in danger of having a shortage of women

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19
Critical Thinking

• What makes for good antinatalist policy?

20
Eugenics

• Perfecting the population
• Breeding
• Denying some ability to reproduce

21
Brazil
22
Brazil

• 1890-1930
• The Whitening
• Pro-European Immigration
• Encouraged miscegenation
• Brazilian Man

23
Brazil Results

• Race is much harder to define
• Darker-skinned people discriminated against
• Recent resurgence of Afro-Brazilian identity

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25
Sweden

• 1934-76
• Forced sterilization
• Mentally ill
• Roma (Gypsies)
• loose women
• orphans
• Over 62,000 sterilized

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