Preparatory%20Tasks%20Establishing%20the%20basis%20of%20Enumeration

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Preparatory TasksEstablishing the basis of
Enumeration

• Angela Me, Chief Social and Demographic
  Statistics Section

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The first question to answer

• Who is responsible for the census enumeration?

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Defining roles and responsibilities of each
office

• High level inter-agency committee
• Approve institutional arrangements
• Identify the roles of each ministry and managing
  existing resources
• National Statistical Office
• Oversee the enumeration
• Define standard procedures
• Support regional office (what support? How to
  organize it?)
• Regional offices
• Buy equipment
• Supervise field enumeration
• Coding

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Defining roles and responsibilities of each
office
National Statistical Office
IT
Census office
Field operations
Clear outputs
Clear Instructions
R.O.
R.O.
R.O.
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Another question to answer

• What are the key goals?

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Defining key goals some examples

• Full coverage (with fixed budget)
• Confidentiality
• Census publicity
• Compliance of people
• Cost-effectiveness
• Recruitment and training of field staff
• Accountability
• Availability of enumeration tools
• Involvement of local leaders
• Consistency of procedures
• Enumeration of special sub-population groups

Reduce reports of lost census material by 50
from previous census
Enumerate homeless
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Defining key goals

• 16 countries in the ECE region reported
  difficulties during enumeration activities
• Non-response
• Refusals (for privacy concern)
• Difficulties finding people at home
• Reduce by 50 the refusals experienced in the
  previous census
• Reduce by 70 the non-contacts from the previous
  census

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Defining key goals

• These goals can help to better manage the census
  enumeration and put in place special procedures
• These goals can also assess the results of the
  census enumeration

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Identify the key stakeholdersfor enumeration

• Data Processing Centre
• Procedures on how the data are collected should
  always be discussed with the people who manage
  the data processing
• Regional governments
• Their cooperation, structure, integrity, and
  trust influence the enumeration phase
• Ministry of education
• If teachers are employed for the enumeration

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Type of enumeration

• De facto
• Person present in a country on the date and time
  of the census (persons are enumerated where they
  slept on the night preceding census day)
• De jury usual residence concept
• Persons are enumerated at the place of their
  usual residence irrespective of where the person
  is at the time of the census

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Type of enumeration

• De facto
• Easier to enumerate
• De jury usual residence concept
• More complex to enumerate but more relevant for
  planning purposes

• UN is moving away from the terminology of de jury
  because it should not be linked to a legal
  concept

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The concept of usual residence

• Purpose
• to have a better understanding of the number and
  characteristics of people who actually "live" in
  a place/country rather than the people who are
  only present at the time of the census.
• But what do we mean by living?

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The concept of usual residence

• For most people this is not a problem because
  they do not move and the meaning of "living in
  one single place/country" is very clear.
• The problem is how to define the place of usual
  residence for people who move their place of
  living, especially those who do so frequently.

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The concept of usual residence

• There is the need to define a threshold, the
  minimum time a person needs to live in a place in
  order to be considered as their usual residence
• the threshold identifies how "permanent" a person
  needs to be in one place in order to be defined
  as usual resident in that place (3, 6, 12
  months).

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The concept of usual residence

• Short thresholds and long thresholds have both
  advantages and disadvantages
• Short thresholds (3-6 months) count people who
  are moving for short periods as usually resident
  and they may be helpful for countries of
  immigration since they include more people
  present in the country.
• Long thresholds (12 months) may be better for
  countries of emigration because stretching the
  period helps to consider people who are out of
  the country for shorter periods as usual
  residents.

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• Place of usual residence is
• the place where a person has lived for a
  continuous period of at least 12 months before
  census day
• OR
• The place where a person has arrived during the
  12 months before census day with the intention of
  staying there for at least 1 year

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• Place of usual residence is
• The place where a person spends most of his/her
  daily night-rest
• Persons living in more than one residence
• Persons in compulsory military service
• Children who alternate between two households
• Other special cases!!!

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• Where to count special cases
• Persons working away from home during the week
  p.u.r. family home
• Primary and secondary students away from home
  p.u.r. family home
• Tertiary students away from home p.u.r.
  term-time address

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• Where to count special cases
• Persons living in institutions for more than 12
  months (or with the intention to stay) p.u.r.
  institution
• Primary and secondary students away from home
  p.u.r. family home
• Tertiary students away from home p.u.r.
  term-time address

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• Where to count special cases
• Refugees, asylum seekers, illegal immigrants
• The rule of the 12 months!!

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The concept of usual residence

• Where to count special cases
• Others
• Defense and diplomatic personnel and their family
  located outside the country
• Foreign defense and diplomatic personnel and
  their family

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• There are people who do not have a place of usual
  residence because move frequently and do not make
  up the 12 months rules (such as homeless)
• The place of usual residence of these persons is
  the place where they are enumerated
• Every person should have one and only one place
  of usual residence

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The concept of usual residence

• CES Recommendations
• There are people who do not have a place of usual
  residence because move frequently and do not make
  up the 12 months rules (such as homeless)
• The place of usual residence of these persons is
  the place where they are enumerated
• Every person should have one and only one place
  of usual residence

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The concept of usual residence

• Temporary absent persons
• Persons who are usually resident in the
  enumeration place but are absent at the time of
  the census for less than 12 months should be
  included
• Persons who have been away or intend to be away
  for more than 12 months should be excluded
• The census is not a proper tool to count
  emigrants!

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The concept of usual residence

• Temporary present persons
• Persons who are present during the census but
  have lived or intend to live in the enumeration
  place for less than 12 months. They should NOT be
  enumerated as usual residents
• Short-term migrants?

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The concept of usual residence

• Temporary present persons
• Persons who are present during the census but
  have lived or intend to live in the enumeration
  place for less than 12 months. They should NOT be
  enumerated as usual residents
• Short-term migrants?

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Method of enumeration

• Classical methods
• Interviewer (canvasser)
• Self-enumeration (householder)
• Use of pre-existing administrative records
• Based on the full enumeration of the population

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Method of enumeration

• Some Other methods
• Simultaneous enumeration in the field of all
  individuals and of the characteristics of a
  sample of individuals
• Long/Short form (Canada, US, Israel)
• Simultaneous Enumeration through the registers
  and the field of all individuals and the
  characteristics of all individuals
• Combined approach registers-full enumeration
• (Belgium, Latvia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland)

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Method of enumeration

• Some Other methods
• Simultaneous Enumeration of all individuals and
  their characteristics through the registers and
  corrected with the enumeration of individuals and
  characteristics of a sample of individuals
• Combined approach registers-ad-hoc survey
• (Israel, Germany 2011?)

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Method of enumeration

• Do we have in Central Asia the conditions to move
  away from the interviewer method?
• Look at
• Educational level
• Postal system
• Quality and coverage of administrative records
• Budget
• Skills available in the national statistical
  office
• Users needs and attitude to change

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Timing of enumeration

• Decision should be based on
• When the enumeration can be carried out
  simultaneously in ALL parts of the country
• When operational problems can be minimized
• Weather conditions
• Seasonal movements of persons
• Availability of field staff

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Census reference time

• Information collected with reference to a unique
  predetermined point in time
• It is relevant for characteristics such as age,
  marital status place of usual residence
• It is less relevant for characteristics such as
  labour force status

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Duration of enumeration

• There is a trade-off between practical
  arrangements (including budget) and data quality.
  Decision should be taken considering
• How big the census is (population and territory)
  
• Availability of staff
• Logistic support
• Mobility of population
• Practices vary from 1 day (Turkey) to 3-6 months
  (Colombia), and to certain extent the US (about
  180 days)

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Performance Indicators

• To be established BEFORE the enumeration to
  assess the quality
• Examples
• Rate of under-enumeration
• Number of calls to an inquiry service
• Performance of enumerators

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Preparatory TasksStructure of the Workforce

• Angela Me, Chief Social and Demographic
  Statistics Section

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Hierarchical Management Structure
NSO, Census Director
Regional Manager
Deputy Regional Manager
Supervisor
Enumerator
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Staffing Ratios

• Depending on issues such as
• Duration of enumeration
• Administrative structure of the country
• Staff availability
• Time required for communication between people at
  different levels in the hierarchy

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Roles and Responsibilities

• They should be clearly defined by precise
  instructions in manuals and be reinforced in
  training

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Roles and Responsibilities
Regional Managers Public communication Liaison
with targeted government and community groups
Assure quality in census administration but
little on enumeration Approve payments Reporting
to Census Office Little interaction with
supervisors and enumerators
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Roles and Responsibilities
Supervisors Time with the enumerators (by phone
or personal contacts) on-the-job training,
follow the operations Quality assurance during
the enumeration More on quality assurance than
administration
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Roles and Responsibilities
Enumerators Contact with respondents Clerical
work in the field and at home Travel
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Staffing Ratios
Regional Manager
Ratio regional manager/supervisors depending on
the administrative tasks
Supervisor
The ratio supervisor/enumerator is the most
crucial since it has an impact on the quality
assurance. It may vary within the country
(urban/rural). 15 good starting point
Enumerator