History of the Internet

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History of the Internet
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1969 - ARPANET

• Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects
  Agency created ARPANET
• ARPANET was a network which originally connected
  four universities enabling information to be
  shared
• More sites were connected throughout the 70s and
  80s

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1970s - Networking Tools

• 1972, National Center for Supercomputing
  Applications (NCSA) developed the telnet
  application for remote login
• 1973, FTP (file transfer protocol) was introduced
  to transfer files between nodes

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1980s - Networking

• In 1982/83 desktop computers in use
• 1983-TCP/IP suite of networking protocols, or
  rules, became the sole protocols of ARPANET
• The term Internet came about as the network of
  networks which use these protocols or could
  interact with them

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1980s Networking

• 1985/86 The nations six supercomputing centers
  were connected by the National Science Foundation
  (NSF) and named the NSFNET backbone
• Regional networks were then connected to the
  NSFNET to expand access
• 1987 Merit Network, Inc. was awarded a grant to
  operate and manage further development

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1980s Networking

• Merit Network, Inc. collaborated with IBM and MCI
  to research and develop faster networking
  technologies
• 1989 The backbone was upgraded to T1
• Transmission rates of 50 pages of text per
  second

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1990s WWW

• 1990 ARPANET was dissolved
• 1991 Gopher
• a menu-based method for providing and locating
  information on the Internet, was developed
• 1993 World Wide Web was released
• developed by Tim Berners-Lee

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1990s WWW

• World Wide Web (WWW)
• introduced hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
• hyperlinks which organized, presented, and
  accessed information on the Internet
• 1993 NSFNET backbone
• upgraded to T3
• transmission rates of 1400 pages of text per
  second

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1990s WWW

• Mosaic and Netscape Navigator introduced
• made the Internet appealing to the public
• 1995 - vBNS introduced
• (very high speed backbone network system)
• replaced NSFNET using Network Service Providers
• ISPs
• regional networks, and
• Network Access Points

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Traffic on the Internet

• 1996 300,000 web sites
• 1997 1,200,000 web sites
• 2000 - 8,000,000 web sites
• 3/2002 38,118,962
• Traffic over the Internet is doubling every 100
  days

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Internet Growth
Sites of web servers (one host may have
multiple sites by using different domains or port
numbers)
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Internet Terminology

• Internet
• interconnected network of computers, each of
  which has the ability to send and receive
  information
• Node
• any device such as a PC that is connected to a
  Network
• Address
• a series of numbers which uniquely identify each
  node (168.216.42.69)
• translated to humans as descriptive names. For
  example, cs.wvu.edu
• Protocol
• universally agreed upon set of rules for computer
  communication
• TCP/IP
• (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
  
• The suite of Internet protocols

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Internet Terminology

• Telnet
• provides the ability to login from one node to
  another
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• provides ability to transfer files from one node
  to another
• Gopher
• provides the ability to navigate through menus
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• subset of the nodes on the Internet
• which recognize documents written in HTML
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• the text based language used to construct WWW
  pages
• Website
• any node which offers access to the documents it
  contains

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WWW Terminology

• Multimedia
• presentation of video, sound, graphics, text
  animation
• Hypertext
• text links which can be clicked on to take you to
  another document
• or a different section of the current document
• Browser
• an application program which interprets HTML
• presents the final Web Page (i.e. Netscape,
  Mosaic, Explorer)
• Hyper text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• protocol that computers on the Internet use to
  communicate with each other