Scientific Revolution

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Scientific Revolution
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Ptolemy

• Astronomer (2nd century)
• Geocentric places Earth at the center of the
  universe

• Ptolemaic system universe is a series of
  concentric spheres
• Earth at the center, other planets/sun going out
• Outermost layer Prime Mover Heaven

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Ptolemy, cont.

• Why Important?
• Set original idea for what universe looked like
• Response (What happened?)
• People believed in his system and distrusted
  scientists with other strange ideas

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Nicholas Copernicus

• Mathematician astronomer
• Heliocentric sun is at the center of the
  universe
• Earth now pushed back to same level as other
  planets (no longer special)

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Nicholas Copernicus, cont.

• Why important?
• Made a more accurate model for people to learn
  from

• Response (What happened?)
• People distrusted this new system without Earth
  in the center of the universe

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Johannes Kepler

• Mathematician astronomer
• Elliptical egg-shaped
• Sun is toward the end of the ellipse (not exact
  center)
• No more perfect geometric shapes!

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Johannes Kepler, cont.

• Why Important?
• Confirmed Copernicus ideas about sun-centered
  universe

• Response (What happened?)
• People distrusted this new system without Earth
  in the center of the universe

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Galileo Galilei

• Scientist (mathematics, astronomy)
• The Starry Messenger publication of Galileos
  theories about the universe
• Made Europeans more aware of the ideas of
  Copernicus Kepler
• Spread new theories and got people talking!

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Galileo Galilei, cont.

• Why Important?
• Showed that other planets/stars were made of
  matter like Earth not pure orbs of light
• Forced people to consider new ideas

• Response (What happened?)
• Church ordered Galileo to say he was wrong and
  stop his teachings

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Isaac Newton

• Mathematician
• Universal law of gravitation explains why
  planets stay in orbit and not go spinning off in
  the universe
• GRAVITY

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Isaac Newton, cont.

• Why important?
• Gave mathematical evidence for all motion in the
  universe (concrete proof that he was right)
• Forced people to accept these new ideas

• Response (What happened?)
• Gave people a new view of the universe, new
  understanding of science